Background
: Gallstones is the most common biliary disease, which may cause acute abdominal pain or jaundice. The prevalence of gallstones has different demographic characteristics according to geographics, race, sex and age. Eating habit, socioeconomic state and various disorders were known to be the risk factors associated with gallstones development. If some reasonable risk factors could be found and effective preventive measure available those will be of great value to the public health care. Analyzing the risk factors for gallstones is the basic element of demographic study, but most study of the risk factors for gallstone have been based only on case of gallstonest hat were identified clinically, so not enough in study about that. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gallstones and to seek for risk factors associdated with gallstone development in a health survey.

Methods : 2,313 cases which had health examination and abdominal ultrasonography at Dong A university hospital from Jan. 1991 to April 1994 are subjects of this study. We divided patients into gallstone group and control group, which former are defined by gallstone positive or postcholecystedtomy due to gallstones, the latter by remainder. CBD stone or IHD stone were excluded in the control group. The risk factors explored included age, sex, body weight index, fasting blood sugar, Hepatitis B, liver function test, cholesterol and triglyceride.

Results : Total number of cases was 2,313, there was 1,424 male and 887 female, and sex ratio was 1 : 0.62. Gallstone were detected in 107 cases and the prevalence rate was 4.3% (107/2,313). Age and sex were the only significant factors with gallstones in our study. The mean age of gallstone and control groups was 50.1 and 43.4 respectively. With a reference group of 30-39 year-old as a comparision, the reletive risk showed a trend effect with odd ratios of 1.90, 4.61 and 6.46 for age group of 40-49, 50-59 and 60 or above respectively. The odd ratio for hy[erglycemia above 140mg/dl was as high as 2.45. However, sex, liver function test, hepatitis B, triglyceride and cholesterol were sigificantly associated with gallstones. Gallstore group was significantly more obese than controls but reletive risk was not significiant between two groups.

Conclusion : The prevalence rate of gallstones was 4.7%. Significant risk factors for gallstone development were age and hyperglycemia above 140mg/dl. Gallstone group has significantly high body weight index than control group.

Background
: Adolescence is a translating period from childhood to adulthood, various medical problems occur with biologic, psychologic, social change because of sudden growth and development. But there is less concern about adolescence than other age groups. Therefore, we made a study to know the type of disease in adolescent patients.

Methods : 11,800 patient’s medical records were selected by the rank interval of 35,215 patients who visited Dong-A University Hospital for 1 year from January to December in 1991, and the complete medical record of 930 patients of age from 10 to 20 in law were selected and analyzed.

Results : The number of patient in each stage of adolescence is as follows : early stage 201(21.6%), middle stage 241(25.9%), late stage 488(52.5%). The number of male is 554(59.6%), and female is 376(40.4%). The ratio of male to female is 1.49:1. The number of patients by department are otolaryngology 138(14.8%), internal medicine 128(13.9%), ophthalmology 116(12.5%), orthopedic surgery 113(12.2%) and dermatology 92(9.9%) in order. The seasonal frequency is 280(30.1%) and 250(26.9%) in summer and winter, respectively. The ratio of OPD to ER patient in the route of visit is 3.89:1, the proportion of ER visit in trauma is 46.8% and the proportion of acute disease is 85.8%. in classified diseases by ICD-9, the number of patient each disease group are injury and poisoning 151(16.2%), nervous system & sensory organ disorder 128(13.8%), respiratory system disorder 127(13.7%) and skin disorder 91(9.8%) in order. Frequent diseases in individual system are follows ; Open wound, disorder of accommodation, chronic sinusitis, and infectious intestinal disease.

Conclusion : The types of disease in adolescence are determined by epidemiologic factors and factors related to use of medical service.