Background
: It is well known that heavy alcohol consumption may result in various lesions on multiple organs and tissue, especially liver. The aim of this study was to measure prevalence of raised liver-derived enzymes in healthy men and possible association with alcohol consumption, smoking and body mass index.

Methods : All subjects were 450 men who received Adult Health Examination at Seoul Hospital of Konkuk medical center from May, 1998 to October, 1998. We carried out telephone survey and analyzed 360 men, excluding men with HBs Ag(+), hepatic problems within 6 months, medication drug that could change serum activity of hepatic enzyme or joints, muscles, cardiac problem and non-responder to telephone survey. We examined prevalence of raise liver enzymes and its possible association with alcohol consumption, smoking, and body mass index, applying logistic regression analysis.

Results : In 20.3% of study subjects, we found raised levels of liver-derived enzymes. If the alcohol consumption was higher than 270 g/week, the odds ratio(OR) for raised liver enzymes, adjusted for body mass index and smoking, increased ; serum gamma glutamyltransferase(r GTP) (OR: 9.48), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) (OR: 13.09), and serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) (OR: 7.40). Smoking was not associated with the risk of raised liver enzymes and obesity(body mass index 25 kg/㎡) showed a positive association with two enzymes ; rGTP(OR: 1.92) and ALT(OR: 2.08).

Conclusion : If alcohol consumption was higher than 270 g/week, the risk of raised liver enzymes increased dramatically and rGTP, AST were shown more sensitive than ALT in alcoholic liver disease.

Background
: Cerebral infarction is one of the common cause of death in Korea. There are many studies about risk factors of cerebral infarction in the world and Korea. and there are some studies about risk factors of mortality and recurrence after first cerebral infarction in the world. but there are no reliable epidemiologic studies about risk factors of mortality and recurrence after first cerebral infarction in Korea. So this study was designed to investigate the risk factors of mortality and recurrence after first cerebral infarction in Korea.

Methods : A cohort of 257 patients with diagnosing first cerebral infarction at our hospital were selected and followed for at least 5 years. 30 days, 1 year, 5 year cumulative mortality and recurrence was calculated. Risk Factors classified at the time of first cerebral infarction. and then entered into a Cox proportional harzards model for mortality and for recurrence.

Results : The cumulative risk of mortality after first cerebral infarction was 13%, at 30days, 21%, at 1year, 49% at 5years. The cumulative risk of recurrence after first cerebral infarction was 4% at 30days, 11% at 1year, 24% 5years. The significant risk factors of mortality after first cerebral infarction were age(≥65), heavy alcohol drinking history, heart, failure, untreated diabetes mellitus history, untreated hypertension history, high admission Hct(≥50%), high admission glucose(≥200), atrial fibrillation at admission, under drowsy mental state at admission, embolic infarction type, high admission systolic bolld pressure(≥160), high admission diastolic blood pressure(≥100). The significant risk factors of recurrence were age(<65), men, heavy alcohol drink-ing history, ischemic heart disease, untreated DM history, high admission glucose(≥200).

Conclusion : Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heavy alcohol drinking, cardiovascular disease were important factor of cerebral infarction prognosis on our study. So primary care physicians focus on these factors when treating cerebral infarction patient.