Background
: The prevalence of dementia is estimated to be as high as 11.3% among cou-mmunity-dwelling persons over 65 years of age in Korea. The fear of dementia for both patie-nts and families is growing because of the chronicity and progressiveness of the disease. Though the recognition, evaluation, and management of patients with dementia are important for the care of older pateint, unfortunately, MMSE takes 5 to 10 minutes to administer and is cumber-some to carry for all elderly patients in busy office. The Clock Drawing Test has been known as valid, easily administered and low cost screening procedure for the congnitive impaiment associ-ated with dementia in general geriatric clinic population. In this study, we assessed the useful-ness of this measure as a screening test for dementia, on the basis of the correlation between clock drawing and MMSE-K

Methods : The subjects for this study consisted of 47 elderly who visited to two elderly clubs in Seoul from April 1996 through June 1996 or the outpatient department of Family medicine of the Ehwa Mok-dong hospital. They received the Mini-Mental Status Exam and the Clock Drawing test. Three observers evaluated them by ratings from 10(best) to 1(worst).
Inter-rater reliability of scores from the Clock Drawing Test was assessed and Pearson correla-tion coefficients were used to examine the relationships between scores from the Clock Drawing Test and MMSE-K.

Results : Their mean age was 75.4 tears with range of 65 to 91 years. There were 34 women and 13 men. Correlations between individual raters was highly significant(r=0.8939, 0.8552, and 0.8698, respectively ; P<.01). Compared to scores in MMSE-K, rating from clock drawings by each of 3 raters revealed statistically significant correlations(r=0.7164, 0.7398, and 0.6884, re-spectively ; P<.01).

Conclusion : The clock drawings can be rated reliably by even untrained observers and per-formance on this task relates significantly to performance on MMSE-K of severity. We con-general screening tool for dementia in a geriatric clinic population.

Background
: The purpose of this study is to obtain the accurate information the obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), relative weight and waist-hip ratio(WHR) and to investigate their relationship in order to assess the childhood and adolescent obesity more appropriately.

Methods : In May, 1995, a total of 6943(male ; 3469, female ; 3474) students from primary, middle and high schools in Seoul were selected and each students' height, weight, waist and hip circumference data were collected.

Results : The BMI increased with age in both sexes. From age 12 to 16, values of BMI 50th percentiles for females exceeded those for males. And the BMI 95th percentiles at the age of 13 to 14 years were higher for females than for males. The prevalence of obesity by relative weight was higher in males than in females(male ; 17.9%, female ; 13.1%). The WHR was higher in males than females in all age group and decreased with age in both sexes, showing more sharp reduction in females. Strong correlations were observed between the BMI and the relative weight, and the BMI and the relative weight correlated closely with WHR. The WHR was significantly higher in obese group than in non-obese group. In the female obese group aged 6 to 11 years, no significant correlation was found between the relative weight and the WHR.

Conclusion : There were significant relationships between he indices of obesity and body fat distribution. This study suggests that WHR as well as BMI and relative weight might be useful in assessing the childhood and adolescent obesity.