Background
: Smoking is a high risk factor for various chronic diseases. Therefore, physicians are expected to play a critical role in patients' smoking cessation. There have been a number of studies which show that cessation recommendation by physicians is effective for patients to stop smoking. The purpose of this study is to assess physician's smoking status and its effect on physician's attitude for their advice to patients to quit smoking.

Methods : During August and September in 1995, self-report questionnaire was distributed to doctors in Jin-Gu, Pusan. It consisted of inquiries on their demographic features, their smoking status, whether physicians ask patients their smoking status or not, whether physicians advise patients to quit smoking or not, and whether physicians confirm patients' smoking cessation. Among 203 responses returned, 193 cases was analyzed.

Results : Among the total 193 persons, 60 persons are smoking now(31.4%, Men 34.5%, women 0%), and 88 persons(67.2%) are ex-smoker. 84.1% of smokers have tried to quit smoking, and stress was the most common reason for failure. Smoking rate and experience rate were higher in men than in women(P<0.001), but there were no significant differences in smoking rate and experience rate according to ages, religions, specialties, hospital types, and positions. Among responders 144 cases(75.0%) asked smoking status of patients. 21.4% of them asked smoking status of all patients who may smoke, and 25.0% of them hardly ask smoking status of patients. For question about patients' smoking status, the younger physicians were more active in asking smoking status of patients(p=0.038), and the physicians in hospital did much more than physicians in university hospital and private clinics(p=0.015). Among responders, 161 persons(84.7%) advised patients to quit smoking, and 19.5% of them advised to quit smoking for all patients who smoked. However, 15.3% of them hardly gave patients such suggestion. It was found that there was no significant relationship between physicians' smoking status and attitudes toward giving patients suggestion to quit smoking.

Conclusion : This study revealed that there was no significant relationship between physician's smoking status and their attitudes toward giving patients suggestion to quit smoking, and physician's smoking status did not have any effect on smoking cessation advice. However, this study does not exclude the possibility that the results might be reversed, if the census would be extended to broader area. Physicians should take an active role against smoking.

Background
: Non ulcer dyspepsia(NUD) is a commonly encountered disease at the primary practice. The relations of functional gastrointestinal disorder and Irritable bowel syndrome with depression of stress were suggested by previous studies. But the contributions of the anxiety, depression and stress as a whole to the NUD were not assessed. In this study, we wanted to show the associations of the anxiety, depression and stress levels with NUD.

Methods : This study was performed by case and control method from Aug. 1 to Sep. 7 at the outpatient department of Family Medicine and at the Health Management and Service department in Pusan Paik Hospital. The both groups were matched by sex and age. The case was defined who has three or more symptoms among nine upper gastrointestinal symptoms like dyspepsia, epigastric pain and anorexia etc. frequently or always and who has no ulcer at the gastrofibroscope. The anxiety, depression, stress levels were measured by questionnaire which was validated by previous studies. The questionnaire was composed of Trait-STAI, Jung's Self Depression Scale(SDS), Modified BEPSI, and Grobal Assessment of Recent Stress(GARS) Scale.

Results : The total subjects were 136 persons(NUD group : 86 persons/control group : 86 persons). There were significant differances in regularity of diet(P<0.001), levels of education(P=0.009), and history of medications(P<0.001) between two groups. The two group had higher scores than the control group in the depression score, anxiety score and modified BEPSI score(P<0.001). All items in GARS showed higher scores in NUD group than in control group(P<0.001).

Conclusion : NUD group had higher degree of anxiety and depression than the control group. It seems that the NUD may have streeful status. When we encounter the NUD in outpatient department, we had better consider the underlying psychogenic of stressful conditions.

Background
: Diverticular disease of the colon is common in western population, but rare in oriental population. Recently there is increasing tendency in the incidence of the diverticular disease in Korea because of change the diet pattern and development in the diagnostic method. The purpose of this study is to analyze clinical characteristics in diverticular disease of the colon.

Methods : We experienced 28 cases of diverticular disease of the colon from March 1991 to July 1994 at the Department of Surgery, Seoul Christian General Hospital. We study to the age and sex distribution, symptoms and signs, preoperative and postoperative diagnosis, location and number of diverticulum, operation method and postoperative complications.

Results : The peak incidence of age group was 3rd to 4th decade. The ratio between male and female was 6:1. The most frequent symptoms and signs were RLQ pain and tenderness. The preoperative diagnosis were acute appendicitis in 75.0% and peritonitis in 14.3%. The methods of surgical treatment were right hemicolectomy in 11 cases, diverticulectomy and appendectomy in 9 cases, appendectomy in 4 cases and others. The most common location of diverticulum was cecum in 19 cases. The ratio between right side diveticulum and left side diverticulum was 12.5:1(p<0.05). The number of diverticulum was 14 cases in solitary type and 14 cases in multiple type. The postoperative complications were wound infection in 1 case, pneumonia in 1 case, postoperative partial intestinal obstruction in 1 case and others. There was no postoperative mortality.

Conclusion : When suspected acute appendicitis, we must rule out the colonic diverticulitis. After the confirmation of the number and location of diverticulum through the preoperative barium enema as possible, the excision of diverticulum should be done. During the operation for the acute appendicitis, compared the clinical symptoms and signs to the operative findings. If disconcorded, we whave to explore the diverticulum and then excision of the diverticulum shoud be done. The residual diverticulum can confirm through postoperative barium enema.

Background
: Today, increasing of aged population, because of longer average life-time and many uses of play and sport instrument for young have caused Colles fracture frequently. Primary physician often meet this sort of fracture and the primary physician should take very close examination such as causes, sex-distribution, treatment method, result, complication and prognosis. This study has aimed to find out treatment result, complication, and prognosis about long or short arm cast after U-shaped splint.

Methods : From Dec, 1991 to Spet, 1992, among the visited patients of Colles fracture at emergency room and orthopedics department in Seoul Christian Hosp. Myunmock-Dong. The 58 patients who simple extra-articular fracture treated by conservative treatment, primary physician applied manual reduction, U-shaped splint fixation and observed alignment by follow up X-ray after 1~2 weeks from trauma and then applied long or short arm cast.

Results : The age and sex distribution of those 58 patients shows that 2nd decade male and 6th decade female has higher incidence, and the causes of fracture were because of mainly daily life in 6th decade group and exercise in the 2nd decade group. In correlation between duration of immobilization and age, the younger the age, the shorter the duration of immobilization. The treatment result evaluated by the method of Gartland and Werley, shows that excellent was 30 cases(51.7%), good 21 cases(36.2%), fair 4 cases(6.9%), poor 3 cases(5.2%). This result mean that above good was 87.9%. The complications were finger stiffness in 3 cases, malunion in 2 cases, radiocarpal joint degenerative arthritis in 2 cases.

Conclusion : The simple extra-articular fracture of Colles fracturre can be expected good treatment result if stability of fracture is maintained in earlier state of trauma by U-shaped splint. So we, Family physician, must keep this treatments in minds that the good result can be obtained by applying this treatment immediately. As we have made a satisfactory study result by long or short arm cast after u-shaped splint, this will be a great help to treat the Colles fracturre in the future.