Background
: Today, increasing of aged population, because of longer average life-time and many uses of play and sport instrument for young have caused Colles fracture frequently. Primary physician often meet this sort of fracture and the primary physician should take very close examination such as causes, sex-distribution, treatment method, result, complication and prognosis. This study has aimed to find out treatment result, complication, and prognosis about long or short arm cast after U-shaped splint.

Methods : From Dec, 1991 to Spet, 1992, among the visited patients of Colles fracture at emergency room and orthopedics department in Seoul Christian Hosp. Myunmock-Dong. The 58 patients who simple extra-articular fracture treated by conservative treatment, primary physician applied manual reduction, U-shaped splint fixation and observed alignment by follow up X-ray after 1~2 weeks from trauma and then applied long or short arm cast.

Results : The age and sex distribution of those 58 patients shows that 2nd decade male and 6th decade female has higher incidence, and the causes of fracture were because of mainly daily life in 6th decade group and exercise in the 2nd decade group. In correlation between duration of immobilization and age, the younger the age, the shorter the duration of immobilization. The treatment result evaluated by the method of Gartland and Werley, shows that excellent was 30 cases(51.7%), good 21 cases(36.2%), fair 4 cases(6.9%), poor 3 cases(5.2%). This result mean that above good was 87.9%. The complications were finger stiffness in 3 cases, malunion in 2 cases, radiocarpal joint degenerative arthritis in 2 cases.

Conclusion : The simple extra-articular fracture of Colles fracturre can be expected good treatment result if stability of fracture is maintained in earlier state of trauma by U-shaped splint. So we, Family physician, must keep this treatments in minds that the good result can be obtained by applying this treatment immediately. As we have made a satisfactory study result by long or short arm cast after u-shaped splint, this will be a great help to treat the Colles fracturre in the future.

Background
: Recently, the traffic accidents are increasing and the frequency of the fracture of femoral shaft has been increased in children. The fracture of femoral shaft in childhood will cause disturbance of ambulation and daily life, because the abnormality of bone growth after fracture will influence the length of leg. So it is very important to manage and evaluate such patients continuously before they have reached adolescence. So, we had carried out this study in order to make appropriate therapeutic guidelines for the treatment and clinical investigation of complication in the femur shaft fracture in children.

Methods : We had examined 51 patients who had admitted to orthopedic surgery department in Seoul Christian Hospital because of the fracture of the femoral shaft, before 13 years old from Sep. 1986, to Mar. 1992.(conservative treatment group: 43 cases, operative treatment : 8 cases)

Results : The group distribution of femoral fracture was most common in 6~8 age. The main cause of fracture was traffic accident(72.5%). Most patient has occurred during spring to summer, while children's activity was relative increased. The combined injury was 60.8% ; 31 of 51 cases. The most common fracture type was transverse fracture 47.0%. The location of fracture were that middle third 60.8%, proximal third 31.4% and distal third 7.8%. The average callus formation time in X-ray was 16 days in conservative group and 20 days in operative group. The average overgrowth range was 10.3mm in conservative group and 9.7mm in operative group. Both of all were good result and difference between them was not statistically significant.

Conclusion : The most of the fracture of femoral shaft in children have been treated conservatively, whereas a small proportion treated operatively and both have revealed relatively good result. The operative management would be the one of the excellent management methods, if the patient was selected according to accurate indication. We must have the knowledge of continuous management and consultation about the overgrowth of leg in children with the fracture of femoral shaft.