Background
: The prevalence of dementia is estimated to be as high as 5-10% over 65 years of age in Korea. it is important to evaluate of dementia for the elderly, Because of the chronicity and progressiveness of the disease. However, cognitive impairment often goes unrecognized by physician because the many previous tools to evaluate cognitive function in the clinical setting are complex, time-consuming and sometimes questionable correlation with real world functioning. The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of T도 Time and Change test as screening test for dementia, on the basis for the correlation between this measure(T&C) and MMSE-K.

Methods : The subject for this study consisted of 64 elderly who visited to the outpatient depa-rtment of family medicine of the Ehwa Mok-dong hospital or Elderly Welfare Center in Seoul. They received the T&C test and MMSE-K examination. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and Pearson' Correlation coefficient were calculated using standard formulas.

Results : The T&C had a sensitivity of 505, a specificity of 88%, a positive predictive value of 60%, a negative predictive value of 77%, respectably. when timed cutpoints were added, The T&C test had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 83%m a positive predictive value of 75%, a negative predictive value of 97%. respectivaly.

Conclusion : The Time and Change(T&C) tests can be an effective, simple and performance based tool to recognize dementia. Further validation with a representative elderly sample is needed to establish screening value in primary care of community populations.

Background
: Brief intervention with problem drinkers have been shown to be effective, but physicians often do not ask about alcohol use because of time constraints and lack of knowledge. If a single question can be used to screening for problem drinker effectively, primary care physicians could detect problem drinker earlier and reduce future complication and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of single-question.

Methods : One family medicine’s resident interviewed 163 patients who visited Dongdaemun Hospital’s Health care management center of Ewha Woman’s university from January 27th 1999 to February 26th 1999, and the patients answered the written forms of questionnaires. This written forms contained the followings: (1) age, sex, education, income level, occupation, smoking, drunken driving, (2) “On any single occasion during the past 3 months have you had more than a bottle of Soju or three bottles of beer or five glasses of whisky?” (3) CAGE, NAST test, Quantity of alcohol was determined by the calendar-based review in the past 4 weeks. At-risk drinker defined as drinking more than 56g on one occasion, or more than 196g of pure alcohol during a week for men; more than 42g on one occasion, or more than 96g of pure alcohol during a week for women. Also alcohol use disorder was defined by the DSM-IV criteria and problem drinker was defined as either at-risk drinker or a alcohol use disorder.

Results : The single question had a positive predictive value of 82.2%, and negative predictive value of 95.5% with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 86.9% for problem drinkers.

Conclusion : A single question about alcohol-use would be a effective tool for detecting problem drinker.