Background
: A child battering can lead to a serious obstacles to the development in mental, physical and social life. Also it can produce an impediment to a domesticity. A child bettering has been studied in Seoul, but there has been little study on the frequency and the related fac-tors according to the region. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the frequency and the related factors with a child battering in urban and rural areas.

Methods : A questionnare survey was conducted on 1,652 children in 3rd 4th grade of two el-ementary school(one urban area and the other in suburban area) in Taegu and one school in rural area of Kyungbook province from September 1 to September 10 1995. The children were grouped by straus' CRT scale according to the degree of battering.

Results : Among 1,652 surveyed children 1,196(72.4%) children belonged to the battered group. 227(23.2%) children in the battered group belong to light battered group and 919(76.8%) children belong to the severely battered group. the common reasons for severe battering were making troubles(47.9%), poor school performance(16.5%) and disobedience to the parents(9.2%). The primary battering persons are biologic mother(57.5%) and biologic father(25.7%), a rod is mainly used(72.2%). The frequercy of severely battering was significantly higher in the following cases ; living in suburban(78.8%), middie school graduation in father's education level(89.3%), high school graduation in mother's education level(84.9%), laborer(22.0%) or salary worker than in rural areas(P<0.05), also the cases of significantly high battering level were as followings ; in suburban areas, father only working(55.7%), both parents working(34.5%), la-borer in father's occupation(22.0%), one or two times quarreling an year between father and mother(39.4%). 7 to 11 battering times an year(P<0.05%). However, the level of battering was not signficantly different among grade, sex, house type or religion. Majority of the physical in-juries due to battering were no marks(60.7%) and bruise(31.5%). The most of the symptoms from severely bettered were tingling sensation of extremities(51.6%) and a poor appetite(11.5%). The common psycho-behavioral complaints of the severely battered children were unamus-ing(30.9%), don't like studying or going to school(34.8%), don't like going home(12.8%).
Conciusions: When diagnose and treat in family office, family physician must assess the family function that included a place of residence, the type of hose, parent's education, occu-pation and a religion, must affiliate a wound that don't exposed in physical examination. Also standardized and verified physical violence for child abuse and battering child is necessary to be studied in korea.

Background
: It is well known that smoking is hazardous to health and could be lethal with various diseases. A family physician is in a suitable position to counsel and modify smoking be-haviors of students in the aspect of smoking prevention and health promotion. Then the authors surveyed the smoking rate and knowledge of smoking hazards for male high school students in Daegu and Kyungbuk area by location and category.

Methods : From July 1 to September 30, 1994 seven high schools in Daegu and Kyngbuk area were arbitrarily selected and one each class was recruited. 1086 students in total(657 urban students, 519 rural students) completed the questionnaires. The data were analyzed be percent-age and t-test using statiscal package SPSS/PC+.

Results : Smokers were 313 persons(29%) among total subjects. Urban smoker were 146(26%), rural smokers were 167(32%), and smokers in humane category schools were 135(22%), smokers in technical schools were 178(39%). As for the motives to smoke, 37% started smoking with curiosity, 20% started with with recommendation by friends, 15% started for resolution of stress. As for the starting age of smoking, 45% began to smoke before graduation of middle schools. As for the average smoking amount, 76% smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day. As for knowledge of smoking hazards, the subjects responded to know more about the influences on health(78%) and pulmonary diseases(79%) than the influences on cancer(46%) and cardiac diseases(32%).

Conclusion : For the high school students, the independent health education program for smoking cessation must be develped. Especially, the effects of teacher's smoking behaviors on student's behaviors should be studied more.