Background
: It is well known that there is an adverse effect of long-term cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. But there are few reports about the effect of different habits of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. Some smokers think that different habits of cigarette smoking are safer than others and this can be, an obstacle to the education of smoking cessation. Therefore, we have obtained applicable basic information for education of smoking cessation by anaysing the effects of different habits of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function.

Methods : We surveyed current smokers on different habits of smoking who had performed pulmonary function test at the pulmonary function laboratory of one tertiary hospital in Seoul and pulmonary function test was done as a part of comprehensive health check-up at health promotion center of one secondary hospital at Ulsan from May 1998 to July 1998.

Results : The factors were age, height, weight and amount of total smoking that had effect on pulmonary function. There were six different habits of smoking that we could analyse time of first smoking after sleep, average time of one cigarette smoked, current amount of smoking, length of one cigarette smoked, effort to quit smoking, smoking with drinking and all these six habits of smoking had no relationship with the results of the pulmonary function test.

Conclusion : The damage in pulmonary function was not protected by different habits of smoking that were previously known to be more safe or healthy. Therefore, we concluded that smoking cessation is the only way to prevent the damage in pulmonary function from cigarette smoking.

Background
: Smoking is one of the most significant etiologic factors of carious cardio-pulmonary diseases. For the proper management and good outcome, smoking cessation is thought to be even more important than pharmacologic treatment in these diseases. We studied the proportion of physicians who recommended quitting smoking, the ways of rec-ommendations they did, and the effectiveness of recommendations.

Methods : We performed questionnaire survey by mail twice for the 349 patients who admitted in AMC for COPD, angina or MI from July, 1994 to July, 1995. Among the total 109 respondents(response rate:37.%), we analysed the 49 patients who had been smoking by the time of admission.

Results : The average age of the subjects was 57.0, and the number of men was 41. In hospital the number of patients who were told about smoking cessation by the physicians were 45(97.8%). Among them, those patients who were told to reduce to smoking amount were 6(13.0%), and those who were told just to "quit smoking"were 27(63.0%), and those who were taught how to stop smoking were 11(23.9%). After the recommendations to quit smoking amount were 14(32.6%). The frequency of admission, the number of physicians who recommended and the number of recommendations did no affect the patients' smok-ing. The rate of smoking cessation was significantly higher for concrete recommendations than simple recommendations.

Conclusion : To the patients with smoking-related diseases, most physicians recommended to quit smoking. And for the smoking cessation, concrete and practical educations brought better outcomes than simple recommendations.