Background
: Though atismoking campaigns are spreading out for prevention of chronic diseases which are related with smoking, smoking rate of korean people in still higher than that of advanced countries. To make a good and appropriate counterplan for smoking, we surveyed smoking pattern and antismoking efforts of Korean soldiers.

Methods : The questionnaire was made by authors regarding smoking status and related factors and the soldiers responded by themselves. We surveyed the questionnaire for soldiers from March to April, 1994. The subjects were 5,427 soldiers who were working in kangwon province, from those 636 questionnaires were excluded due to inadquate responses, then 4791 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS/PC program. Nicotine dependence was measured by using the fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) and the smokers with more than 7 points were regarded as having high nicotine dependence.

Results : among the total respondents of 4,791, the average age was 21.7 and 70.2% was in the age group 20-22. the respondents included smokers(78.1%), ex-smokers(2.4%) and non-smokers(19.4%). The respondents' smoking status were significantly related with their school carrier, religion, parents' smoking status, the number of smoking friends and monthly personal expenses (P<0.01). Before age 18, 74.8% started smoking and common reasons for initiation of smoking were curiosity(36.9%) and stress resolution(31.5%). The conditions when they felt like smoking were stressful events(28.4%), getting along with their friends(27.1%) and drinking(21.2%). Ninotine dependency test using Fagerstrom's Tolerance Questionnaire showed that the average score for smokers was 4.6 and the subjects who got the score 7 or more were689(18.0%)The subjects who had tried to quit smoking were 2,534(67.7%) and the reasons to quit smoking were illness(52.7%) and prevention of future disease(3.15%). The most common reason for failure to stop amoking was stress(48.2%). The subjects who had a plan for stop smoking were 2,129(56.9%) and among the smokers, those who were confidential to stop smoking were 2,208(59.90%).

Conclusion : smoking rate for soldiers was 78.1% and most of them initiatedsmoking before age 18. Among the smokers, those who had tried to quit smoking were 2,534(67.75) and who had antismoking plan were 2,129(56.9%). Therefore we think that positive antismoking education and public relations are needed for those young soldiers who have not only high smoking rate but also high antismoking will.

Background
: Family physicians may be interested in the health promotion and disease prevention, and they are capable of advising their patients to stop smoking. There may exist some difference between smokers and nonsmokers in the attitude toward their patient's smoking. We surveyed to know the family physician's attitude to the patient's smoking and the difference between smoking and nonsmoking groups.

Methods : A questionnaire was mailed in July and September 1993 to 2,528 family physician in Korea who is legistrated in the Korea Academy of Family Medicine. After then we analyzed 1,122 questionnaires(44.4%) which were responded through three groups ; nonsmoking, ex-smoking and smoking group.

Results : The respondent included no-smokers(38.0%), ex-smokers(34.4%) and smokers(27.6%). The physicians with opinion that the patient's smoking is addiction of nicotine were 47.9% in average and there was significant difference among the three groups(P<0.01). The physicians who assess the patient's smoking only in case of the patient's smoking related disease were 56.9% and there was significant difference among the three groups(P<0.01). The physicians who answered that the advice to quit smoking to their patients is effective were 94.0%. The physicians who answered that the reasons for no advice to quit smoking were that the patients were not interested to smoking cessation and lacked motivation were 47.8%. In the methods which the physicians use for the smoking cessation, the explanation about the relation between smoking and disease and advice to quit smoking was 85.1%.

Conclusion : There is significant difference in some knowledges and attitudes to patients' smoking according to the physicians' smoking status. The methods which physicians use for the smoking cessation were not various or insufficient. Family physicians must endeavour to quit smoking first and it must be continuous for them to assess the patients' smoking status and to develop and supply the materials and programs on smoking cessation.