Citations

• Association between circadian rhythm-disturbing factors and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2020)
  Sujin Lee, Junhee Park, Hyunjin Cho, Jun Hyun Yoo
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(3): 162.     CrossRef
• Cumulative circadian disruption factors and metabolic syndrome
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(3): 125.     CrossRef
• Association between metabolic risk, oxidative stress and psychological parameters amongst sample of nurses working in Doha, Qatar
  Kirti S. Prabhu, Ummu Habeeba, Mohammad Usman Asad Rahman, Maria Salvador Perez, Salam AlMoghrabi Ramirez, Bilal Uddin Khan, Shilpa Kuttikrishnan, John Paul Ben Tabar Silang, Noora Ahmed Kh A. Al Kaabi, Abdul Quaiyoom Khan, Afsheen Raza, Mohamed Izham Moh
  Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2025; 34: 102088.     CrossRef
• Night-shift work and its association with metabolic syndrome
  Shih-Chieh Lin, Wei-Chung Yeh, Zhu-Xuan Liu, Hui-Fang Hsu, Jau-Yuan Chen
  Medicine.2025; 104(31): e43598.     CrossRef
• AGE, HEAT STRESS, AND SHIFT WORK AS DETERMINANTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN INDUSTRIAL WORKERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
  S. MOHAMMADI, Y. LABBAFINEJAD, E.I. BAGHERI, M. ALAEI JANAT-MAKAN, M. AKBARI, M. CHINICHIAN, N. KASSIRI
  AVICENNA BULLETIN.2025; 27(3): 593.     CrossRef
• Association between shift work and insulin resistance in women: Implications for metabolic health
  You-Jung Choi, Soo Hyeon Cho, Ja-Ho Leigh, Sung Hoon Jeong, Shaonong Dang
  PLOS One.2025; 20(11): e0337057.     CrossRef
• IMPACT OF SHIFT WORK ON CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES
  Katarzyna Karaś, Dawid Nowicki, Małgorzata Muszyńska, Julia Surowaniec, Sylwia Mroszczyk
  International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Multimorbidity and its Associated Factors in Korean Shift Workers: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
  Hye Chong Hong, Young Man Kim
  JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e55014.     CrossRef
• Association between Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and the Metabolic Syndrome by Shift Works
  Minjung Kyung, Sungwon Park, Chang Gi Park, OiSaeng Hong
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(6): 668.     CrossRef
• Association between Shift Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A 4-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
  Byeong-Jin Ye
  Healthcare.2023; 11(6): 802.     CrossRef
• Sexual dimorphism in the response to chronic circadian misalignment on a high-fat diet
  Seán T. Anderson, Hu Meng, Thomas G. Brooks, Soon Yew Tang, Ronan Lordan, Arjun Sengupta, Soumyashant Nayak, Antonijo Mřela, Dimitra Sarantopoulou, Nicholas F. Lahens, Aalim Weljie, Gregory R. Grant, Frederic D. Bushman, Garret A. FitzGerald
  Science Translational Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between rotating shift work and white blood cell count, white blood cell differential count, obesity, and metabolic syndrome of nurses
  Wen-Pei Chang, Yen-Kuang Lin
  Chronobiology International.2022; 39(2): 159.     CrossRef
• Metabolic syndrome and its relationship with shift work in petrochemical workers
  Payam Rashnuodi, Davood Afshari, Gholam Abbas Shirali, Arman Amiri, Marziye Raesi Zadeh, Ali Sahraneshin Samani
  Work.2022; 71(4): 1175.     CrossRef
• The association between long-term night shift work and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study of male railway workers in southwest China
  Chaohui Dong, Honglian Zeng, Bo Yang, Yi Zhang, Zhitao Li
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome: The roles of sleep, gender, and type of shift work
  Masoud Khosravipour, Payam Khanlari, Sepideh Khazaie, Hadis Khosravipour, Habibolah Khazaie
  Sleep Medicine Reviews.2021; 57: 101427.     CrossRef
• Association between shift work or long working hours with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies
  Yihui Wang, Li Yu, Yinyan Gao, Lili Jiang, Lin Yuan, Pengju Wang, Yanwen Cao, Xuping Song, Long Ge, Guowu Ding
  Chronobiology International.2021; 38(3): 318.     CrossRef
• Association between shift work and risk of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Xingjin Yang, Wencheng Di, Yunhong Zeng, Dechen Liu, Minghui Han, Ranran Qie, Shengbing Huang, Yang Zhao, Yifei Feng, Dongsheng Hu, Liang Sun
  Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2021; 31(10): 2792.     CrossRef
• Association between metabolic syndrome and shift work in chemical plant workers
  Seong-Ryol Chai, Soon-Chan Kwon, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Su-yeon Lee
  Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Is Shift Work Sleep Disorder a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components? A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies
  Arpita Shah, Arifa Turkistani, Kanita Luenam, Sayma Yaqub, Patricia Ananias, Arunima Mariya Jose, Joao Pedro Melo, Lubna Mohammed
  Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Metabolic syndrome: Association between prevalence and risk at worksites
  Michiru Kakinuma, Hiroo Ide, Kyoko Nakao, Daisuke Ichikawa, Ryozo Nagai, Yuji Furui
  Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2020; 75(4): 226.     CrossRef
• Association between Dietary Habits, Shift Work, and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Korea Nurses’ Health Study
  Heeja Jung, Hyunju Dan, Yanghee Pang, Bohye Kim, Hyunseon Jeong, Jung Eun Lee, Oksoo Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7697.     CrossRef
• Shift work and metabolic syndrome: A multi‑center cross‑sectional study on females of reproductive age
  Maryam Nikpour, Aram Tirgar, Mahmod Hajiahmadi, Akram Hosseini, Behzad Heidari, Fatemeh Ghaffari, Abbas Ebadi, Fatemh Nasiri, Mojgan Firouzbakht
  Biomedical Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Job Rank
  Ramin Mehrdad, Gholamreza Pouryaghoub, Mahboubeh Moradi
  The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018; 9(1): 45.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Workplace Environment and Metabolic Syndrome
  Hwee-Soo Jeong
  The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018; 9(4): 176.     CrossRef
• Circadian and Metabolic Effects of Light: Implications in Weight Homeostasis and Health
  Santiago A. Plano, Leandro P. Casiraghi, Paula García Moro, Natalia Paladino, Diego A. Golombek, Juan J. Chiesa
  Frontiers in Neurology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Shift Work and Health Problems
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(2): 49.     CrossRef

Background
The metabolic syndrome has been known as the cluster of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. There have been many studies about the infl ammatory role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, also. We aimed to elucidate the role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a infl ammation-related factor in metabolic syndrome in Korean adults by correlation and factor analysis. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 1,512 men and 1,836 women (over 20 years old) who had an examination at a center for health promotion of an university hospital from May 2004 through March 2005. The NCEP-ATP III definition and Asian-Pacific adjusted criteria were used to obtain the metabolic syndrome group. And we evaluated the role and gender difference of hs-CRP in metabolic syndrome by correlation and factor analysis.Results: In women, hs-CRP was statistically correlated with most metabolic variables, especially insulin resistance. In factor analysis, 3 factors (obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance) were obtained in men and 4 factors (obesity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia) in women, respectively. In women, hs-CRP was a part of dyslipidemia factor.Conclusion: In factor anaylsis of metabolic syndrome factors with hs-CRP, hs-CRP was not a signifi cant factor in men, but was included as a part of dyslipidemia factor in women.

Citations

• The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and High Sensitive C-reactive Protein in Abdominal Obesity Elderly Women
  Kyung-A Shin
  The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(2): 121.     CrossRef
• Clinical Outcomes after Modified Fasting Therapy Supplied with Gamrosu: A Retrospective Observational Study
  Seung-Uoo Shin, Dong-Hwan Kim, Hyun-Taeg Shin, Dal-Seok Oh
  Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research.2016; 16(1): 36.     CrossRef

Background
Life style has been shown to improve risk factor comprising the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is prime candidate for lifestyle modification utilizing the tools of exercise, nutritional therapy so on. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to health behaviors. Methods: The 1,240 adults were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Subjects examined body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile. Medical history was reviewed and daily calorie intake examined by food frequency questionnaire. Six healthy behavior-sleeping hours, smoking, drinking, exercise, calorie intake and boey weight of subjects were examined. Each heathy behaviors were categorized as a three groups. Metabolic syndrome were diagnosed by ATP III criteria. Results: The study subjects were consisted of 57.1% men and 42.9% women. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14.3%. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was lower in group with good healthy behaviors. Subjects with more good healthy behaviors had lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome than with less good healthy behaviors(0, 50.0%; 1, 41.0%; 2, 30.6%; 3, 13.8%; 4, 8.5%; 5, 5.3%; and 6, 4.3%). Relative to subjects with high good health behavior score, those with low good health behavior score were at significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio=4.25, 95% CI 2.97-6.08). Conclusion: Subjects with greater good healthy behaviors had a substantially lower risk of being diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome compared those with lower good healthy behaviors. This finding suggests that lifestyle modification may be appropriate as a first-line intervention to metabolic syndrome.

Citations

• Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Change Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic: Using Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2021
  Jung-Hwa Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim, Gyu Bin Park, Won Kee Lee
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(4): 315.     CrossRef
• Health Behavior Profiles Among Midlife Women: Identifying At-Risk Subgroups for Metabolic Syndrome Using Latent Class Analysis
  Se Hee Min, Sharron L Docherty, Eun-Ok Im, Qing Yang
  Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2022; 56(9): 946.     CrossRef
• Does Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Incidence and Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss?
  Joong Su Park, Seung Ho Kim, Ikhee Kim, Hantai Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Jong Bin Lee
  Life.2022; 12(7): 930.     CrossRef
• Fruit Intake to Prevent and Control Hypertension and Diabetes
  Hyun Ah Park
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Difference in health status of Korean farmers according to gender
  Ho Lee, Seong-yong Cho, Jin-seok Kim, Seong-yong Yoon, Bu-il Kim, Jong-min An, Ki-beom Kim
  Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of the association between health-related and work-related factors among workers and metabolic syndrome using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)
  Kyoung Yun Kim, Jung-Mi Yun
  Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(5): 444.     CrossRef
• Infuence of Metabolic Syndrome on Hearing Outcome in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
  Jong Joong Choi, Myeong Hee Kim, Jong Won Lee, Do Young Jung, Jong Bin Lee
  Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2018; 61(10): 514.     CrossRef
• Field Application and Evaluation of Health Status Assessment Tool based on Dietary Patterns for Middle-Aged Women
  Hye-Jin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(4): 277.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in a health promoting hospital
  Hyekyeong Kim, Eunhee Nah
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(4): 37.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Physical Activity Level, Amount of Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Male Drinkers
  Byung-Sung Kim, Myeong-Jin Kim, Hyun-Rim Choi, Cahng-Won Won, Sun-Young Kim
  The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014; 32(2): 97.     CrossRef
• An Investigation on the Metabolic Syndromes and Health-Related Risk Factors among Male Workers
  Sun-Young Choi, Na-Eun Kang, Sung-Hee Kim
  The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2013; 26(4): 975.     CrossRef
• Relation of Health Promotion Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Daytime Workers
  Dae-Sik Ko, Bu-Yeon Park, Gyeong-Hyu Seok
  The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(12): 1941.     CrossRef
• The Association between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men and Women
  Tae-Heum Chung, Moon-Chan Kim, Chung-Hun Choi, Chang-Sup Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2010; 31(2): 124.     CrossRef
• High Risk Groups in Health Behavior Defined by Clustering of Smoking, Alcohol, and Exercise Habits: National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Kiwon Kang, Joohon Sung, Chang-yup Kim
  Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(1): 73.     CrossRef
• Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome among Male Workers in an Electronics Research and Development Company
  Jun Pyo Myong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Jung-Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park
  Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(5): 331.     CrossRef

Background
: The risk of hypertension increases as body weight is gained. In most studies, smoking has been considered as a confounder in association, but such association had not been analyzed between weight and the risk of hypertension varied according to smoking status.

Methods : The subject were 1,813 male worker who had routine bealth examination from April to June in 1998. They were divided into current smokers and non smokers according to smoking status and categorized into three different weight group; normal weight (BMI<23kg/m²), overweight(23≤BMI≤25 kg/m²) and obesity(BM≥25 kg/m²). Hypertension was defined if systolic blood pressure was ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 90 mmHg. The interaction between smoking status and BMI for prevalence of hypertension, and the prevalence odds rations for hypertension among six groups categorized according to weight and smoking status, were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

Results : The interaction between smoking status and BMI was significant (B=-0.058, SE=0.025, P=0.021). The risk of hypertension was 1.55 times (95% C.I 0.76~3.15) higher among the non-smokers with overweight and 2.90 times (95%) C.I. 1.01~4.32) higher among the non-smokers with obesity compared to the non-smokers with normal weight after controlling for age, serum glucose, and total cholesterol. In contrast, weight was not associated with the risk of hypertension among smokers.

Conclusion : The risk of hypertension rose as the weight of non-smokers increased. However, there was no association between the weight and the risk of hypertension among current smokers.

Background
: The purpose of this study was to identify health practices that would be helpful in order to reduce the prevalence of correctable cardiovascular risk factors (CVR), i.e. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia in male workers by examining the association between health practices and the prevalence of the three risk factors.

Methods : For 1,815 male workers at a car manufacturer who participated in the basic health examination, survey on socioeconomic status and seven healthy practices such as not currenly smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, proper weight control, regular exercise, 7-8 hour sleep, eating breakfast regularly, and not eating between meals was done and the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia as obtained. χ²test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were done for workers under 40 years old and workers 40 and over in two, separate groups by adjusting socioeconomic variables.

Results : The prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was 1.84 times and 5.22 times, respectively, showing, higher in overweight younger workers than in those of normal weight. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 2.02 times higher in younger smoking than in younger non-smokers. In contrast, the prevalence of hyperglycemia was 4.99 times higher in older smokers than in older non-smokers. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 16.5 times higher in older workers with regular snacking habit than in those without such a habit. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 7.47 times higher only in younger workers practicing healthy behaviors below 3 than in those practicing at least 6 healthy behaviors.

Conclusion : Our study suggests that overweight and smoking habit among younger workers, and smoking habit among older workers sould be controlled in order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia.

Background
: The implementation of health care delivery system(HCDS) in 1989 affected the visit pattern of tertiary care hospital. In this study we analyzed the effect of implementation of HCDS in a university hospital.

Methods : We analyzed the yearbook of a university hospital from 1986 to 1992. The clinical departments were divided into three groups of medical departments, surgical departments with application of HCDS and clinical departments without application of HCDS.

Results : The total outpatient visits increased after implementation of HCDS. The new outpatient visits decreased after implementation in the medical departments and surgical departments but re-visit patients increased in all clinical departments. The number of emergent patients increased at year 1889, but decreased in 1990, then little changed. Admission rate via emergency room decreased in surgical departments and clinical departments without application of HCDS. The patient from Pusan in which hospital is located was little changed but patients that from other areas increased. So the proportion of patients from Pusan decreased, and from other regions increased. The visit of patients with self pay decreased, but patients with medical insurance increased.

Conclusion : In spite of increased total outpatient visits, the new outpatient visits and patient visits from near place decreased through implementation of HCDS. The new outpatient visits decreased in the medical departments and surgical departments in clinical departments with application of HCDS, but the new outpatient visits increased in clinical departments without application of HCDS.

Background
: In recent years, the incidence of obesity increased in Koreans. The main cause suggested is the diet style of Korean changed to that of Western. It has been proved that obesity is a risk factor of an aggravating factor of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc. Primary physician has been interested in the correlation of blood pressure with relative body weight and aging. The purpose of this study was to focus on the influence of age and relative body weight on blood pressure.

Methods : Subjects were collected from 2,068 adults who had received Adult Health Examination. That subjects were divided according to age, relative body weight and then the relation of blood pressure with age according to relative body weight and relation with relative body weight according to age were investigated.

Results : Systolic blood pressure increased significantly according to age in all male and female three weight groups and then increased significantly according to relative body weight in all male and female three age group except male seventh decade group. Diastolic blood pressure increased significantly according to age in all make and female three weight groups except male obesity group and then increased significantly according to the relative body weight in all make and female three age groups except male and female seventh decade groups. Systolic blood pressure has higher correlation with age than relative body weight and diastolic blood pressure has higher correlation with relative body weight in male. In female, systolic and diastolic blood pressure have higher correlations with age.

Conclusion : It can be suggested that blood pressure increase significantly according to aging process and relative body weight. These two factors have a little different effects to systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to sex. Relative body weight has more effect to diastolic blood pressure than systolic blood pressure in male.

Background
: This study was done to find out disease related factors affecting voluntary cessation of smoking,

Methods : A questionnaire survey was carried out on 380 patients with past history of smoking who visited out-patient department after discharge from one university hospital in Pusan city.

Results : Subjects were divided into two groups ; smoker group who has persisted smoking after discharge from hospital and quitter group who quitted smoking after discharge. Among 380 subjects there were 214 smokers(56.3%) and 166 quitters(43.7%).
The variables that were associated significantly between two groups were age, mattital status, regular exercise, alcohol drinking, salt intake, recognition about harmful effect of smoking after hospitalization, duration of hospitalization and type of disease.
Smoking associated diseases were more frequent in quitter group(28.3%) than in smoker group(11.7%) even after adjustment for age, marrital status and health behaviours including regular exercise, alcohol drinking, and salt intake(p=0.003).
There was statistically significant difference in the distribution of diseases in smoker and quitter group(p=0.001) ; the top three diseases were malignant neoplasm(30.7%), cardiovascular diseases(22.3%) and respiratory diseases(13.9%) in quitter group and musculoskeletal diseases(34.6%), nervous diseases(22.9%) and gastrointestinal diseases(16.8%) in smoker group.

Conclusion : These findings suggested that disease related factors may contribute to voluntary cassation of smoking. Therefore physicians can help their patients who would like to quit smoking in their clinic.