Citations

• Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression among Korean midlife women: a cross-sectional analysis study
  You Lee Yang, Eun-Ok Im, Yunmi Kim
  BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Past and Current Status of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis
  Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Yong-ho Lee, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Dae-Jung Kim, Chang Hee Jung, Ki-Up Lee, Kyung-Soo Ko
  Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(2): 93.     CrossRef
• Depression and Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 2003 to 2013: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
  Jong-Hyun Jeong, Yoo Hyun Um, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jong-Heon Park, Joong-Yeol Park, Kyungdo Han, Kyung-Soo Ko
  Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(4): 296.     CrossRef
• Association of Comorbidity with Depression Treatment Adequacy among Privately Insured Patients Initiating Depression Treatment
  Yong Joo Rhee, Mara Gustafson, Michael Ziffra, David C. Mohr, Neil Jordan
  Open Journal of Depression.2015; 04(02): 13.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh
  Khurshid Natasha, Akhtar Hussain, A. K. Azad Khan, Bishwajit Bhowmik
  Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(3): 218.     CrossRef
• Association between age at menarche and diabetes in Korean post-menopausal women: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)
  Eunjung Hwang, Kyong won Lee, Yoonsu Cho, Hye Kyung Chung, Min-Jeong Shin
  Endocrine Journal.2015; 62(10): 897.     CrossRef
• Depression among Korean Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Ansan-Community-Based Epidemiological Study
  Chan Young Park, So Young Kim, Jong Won Gil, Min Hee Park, Jong-Hyock Park, Yeonjung Kim
  Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(4): 224.     CrossRef
• Changes and determinants affecting on geographic variations in health behavior, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Korean
  Yoo-Mi Kim, Sung-Hong Kang
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(11): 241.     CrossRef
• The Interrelationship between Diabetes and Depression
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2014; 35(3): 109.     CrossRef

Background
As the metabolic syndrome is increased, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increased. In recent studies, metabolic syndrome is related to serum uric acid. And some authors reported the association of uric acid and NAFLD. We have studied the association of serum uric acid and NAFLD. Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,430 subjects out of 6,731 individuals who had visited the Health Promotion Center at the National Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital for the purpose of a regular check-up from January 2005 to April 2008. We excluded who showed evidence of more than moderate alcohol consumption, hepatitis B or C, or severe hepatic dysfunction. Results: Among 3,430 participants, 1,775 subjects (51.7%) were diagnosed with NAFLD and 1,655 subjects (48.3%) were control. Age, BMI, triglyceride, fasting glucose, uric acid were greater in the patients with NAFLD than in the controls. The severity of NAFLD is related to uric acid. When uric acid is divided in 4 groups, elevation of uric acid is associated with risk for NAFLD. This relationship is showed in similar pattern when adjusting for age, sex, BMI, triglyceride, fasting glucose. The uric acid elevation of 1mg/dL is associated with the increase of 1.11 fold in risk for NAFLD. Conclusion: The risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to uric acid. And the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with uric acid.

Citations

• Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Korean Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
  Ki Hyun Kim, Yoonhong Kim, Kwang Il Seo, Kyung Won Seo
  Journal of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.2022; 11(2): 63.     CrossRef
• Systematic review on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea
  Hwi Jin Im, Yo Chan Ahn, Jing-Hua Wang, Myung Min Lee, Chang Gue Son
  Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2021; 45(4): 101526.     CrossRef
• Subclinical steatohepatitis and advanced liver fibrosis in health examinees with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 10 South Korean cities: A retrospective cross-sectional study
  Eun-Hee Nah, Seon Cho, Hyeran Park, Dongwon Noh, Eunjoo Kwon, Han-Ik Cho, Daisuke Tokuhara
  PLOS ONE.2021; 16(11): e0260477.     CrossRef

Background
: Stress is found to have influence on physical and mental disorders, and also to daily life styles related to physical health and mental stress. There are many studies that concern the stress and coping response and the relationships among physical, mental disorders and stress. But relationship between stress and life styles have seldom been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between stress and life styles.

Methods : From June 2, 1997 to June 30, 1997, we selected 463 businessmen we who had undergone regular health screening SUN hospital as subjects of the investigation in the survey on life styles included diet habit, salt ingestion, meat ingestion, alcohol drinking, smoking habit, physical exercise, sleep disturbance, and stress perception was measured by Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI).

Results : There was significant difference in diet habit according to age, marital status, education level, monthly income(P<0.01), and job tenure(P<0.01), salt ingestion according to monthly income and body mass index(P<0.05), alcohol drinking according to religion or none, smoking according to age, marital status, monthly income, body mass index(P<0.05), and religion(P<0.01), exercise according to age, education level(P<0.01), monthly income(P<0.01), job department, and job tenure(P<0.05), and sleep disturbance according to age, education level, body mass index(P<0.05), and monthly income(P<0.01). There was no difference in the average scores of PWI according to general characteristics. The average scores of PWI concerning about life styles showed significant difference in diet habit, alcohol drinking, smoking habit, exercise, and sleep disturbance.

Conclusion : The correlation of health habit and mortality rate has already proved. This investigation has showed that there is a correlation between life styles and stress. So, we concluded that it is the best way to keep the good health habit by stress control for health promotion and disease prevention.

Background
: Chronic stress is associated with physical illness such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. Daily life habits being able to affect physical health and are associated with mental stress. We studied the relationship between physical illness and stress amount so far. However, the investigation about the stress and the health habits to affect disease directly was not studied enough. Eventually we tested this investigation to know the relationship between stress amount and health habits.

Methods : We measured stress amount and health habits for a month(from May 1 to May 31, 1997) through the people who had already received health screening and were working as researchers. We used 147 results out of 212. Health habits were investigated about 6 articles out of "Breslow's 7 health habits" and stress amount was measured by evaluation scale made by Lee, Pyoung-sook.

Results : There were no differences in amounts of stress of subjects according to age, years in work, hours of sleeping, having breakfast or not, the frequency of exercise and body mass index(BMI). But there were significant differences in amounts of stress of subjects according to drinking amount, smoking or not, and health habit index(P<0.01).

Conclusion : Drinking and smoking appeared to be health habits related to the amounts of stress. Prospective studies are needed to find a causal relationship between health habits and stress amount.

Background
: The improvement is social economic standard of living and aging bring high attention to osteoporosis in women. Many studies have been released so far about how effectively Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT) in postmenopausal women works for the increase in Bone Mineral Density(BMD) in hip and vertebrae with the different rate of bone formation. In addition, it has been believed that HRT could increase BMD of hip and lumbar vertebrae reduce fractures caused by osteoporosis. In this study, we will find the effect of HRT on the increase in BMD of lumbar vertebrae and hip in postmenopausal women, by measuring and comparing BMD of lumbar vertebrae with high rate of trabecular bone to that of hip with high rate of cortical bone one year after HRT in postmenopausal women.

Methods : Subjects were 48 out of 325 postmenopausal women patients who visited osteoporosis clinic, Sun Hospital, Taejeon, from January, 1995 to December, 1995 and had the osteoporosis test and the vertebrae osteoporosis test one year after. We compared and analyzed the change of BMD in each part by retesting BMD of lumbar vertebrae and hip one year after the continuous HRT in women. SPSS/PC was used for statistical procedure.

Results : Subjects have mean age of 54.8±4.5 years, mean menopausal age of 48.4±3.5 years, mean postmenopause period of 6.5±5.9 years, mean body mass index 23.4±3.1kg/m², mean weight of 56.7±7.8kg and mean height of 154±5.5cm. No correlation was observed of their age, menopausal age, the number of years since menopause and body mass index to the changing rate of BMD in lumbar vertebrae and femur one year after HRT in women. The BMD prior to treatment was, respectively, as follows ; L2-L4(0.8983±0.11g/cm²), Hip(neck, 0.7597±0.10g/cm² ; trochanter, 0.6259±0.08g/cm² ; Ward's triangle, 0.5186±0.90g/cm²), and that one year after treatment ; L2-L4(0.9277±0.11g/cm²), Hip(neck 0.7592±0.00g/cm² ; trochanter, 0.6322±0.08g/cm² l Ward's triangle, 0.5340±0.09g/cm²). There was significant increase in BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur Ward's triangle(P<0.01) among BMD of each part one year after HRT, but BMD of femur nexk and that of trochanter region has no significant increase.

Conclusion : It was found that one year treatment with HRT in postmenopausal women resulted in significant increase in BMD of not only lumbar vertebrae with lots of trabecular bone but also Ward's triangle regions of femur, regardless of age and postmenopausal period of postmenopausal women at the beginning of treatment. It is considered that HRT may be effective in preventing osteoporotic fractures of lumbar vertebrae and hip on postmenopausal women, and that postmenopausal period would not be an important factor in the beginning of HRT treatment.

The diabetic patients were evaluated by Diabetes Quality of Life(DQOL) measure in this study. The diabetes quality of life(DQOL) was initially designed for use in the Diabetes Control and Complication Trials.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate DQOL toward fasting blood sugar, sex, treatment modality, duration of the D.M., and site of life. This study has been made of 105 patients that have been visited to Severance, Kanghwa, Chungmu hospital during 6 months (1990.4-1990.9)
1. The difference between males and females was not found on the total DQOL, but males were significantly less distressed than females in diabetes related worry individual scale. (P<0.05)
2. The difference in fasting blood sugar levels was not found on the DQOL. There were no significant differences in fasting glucose levels.
3. The difference in treatment modality group such as diet & exercise group, oral hypoglycemic agent group, and insulin therapy group were found on the the total DQOL, with diet & exercise group being significantly less distressed than oral hypoglycemic agent group and insulin therapy group were found on the the total DQOL, with diet & exercise group, being significantly less distressed than oral hypoglycemic agent group and oral hypoglycemic agent group being significantly less distressed than insulin therapy group.(P<0.01), especially in satisfaction and impact individual scale.
4. The difference between urbans and rurals, was found a total DQOL, with urbans being significantly less distressed than rurals.(P<0.01), especially in worry individual scale.

Fatty change of the liver is a histological finding caused by various diseases such as chronic alcoholism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition and certain hepatotoxic drugs.
For the purpose of comparison of characteristics between fatty and normal liver diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. we analyzed 126 cases of fatty liver and 133 cases of normal liver among the 1,736 patients, who visited at the Youngdong Severance Hospital for heath care mainterance.
The results were as follows;
1. The fatty liver groups were statistically significant in case more alcohol drinking, obesity, diastolic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, abnormal SGOT and γ-GT than normal liver groups.
2. There were no significant difference between fatty and normal liver group in smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, SGOT and alkaline phosphatase.

A retrospective study has been made of 1,253 cases of traffic accidents which had been treated at the H hospital in Seoul from May 1989 to April 1990.
This study was conducted to find out the nature and pattern of the traffic accident from the clinical and epidemiologic standpoint. The aims of this study were not to indicate direct preventive measures but focus attention on fields in which best results should be given by the preventive measures.

The following results were obtained;
1. Accidents occurred most frequently from 6 p.m. to midnight, 54.2%.
Although there was no significant difference, the descending order of monthly incidence was January(12.3%), March(9.6%), and August(9.6%).
2. Male to female ratio was 2.63:1.
The highest incidence was in age group between 20-29 year(34.7%).
3. The majority of trauma was from taxi and passengers' car (64.1%).
Pedestrians were most commonly injured(43.4%).
4. The types of injury were almost neurosurgical and orthopedic injury(88.1%).
5. Abrasion and contusion were most frequent(25.0%) and cerebral concussion was 21.7%.
6. In abdominal trauma, small bowel (33.3%), spleen(25.0%), liver(12.5%), kidney(8.3%) was the descending order of frequency.
7. Brain damages were responsible for the majority of cause of death (53.6%) and mortality rate was 4.1% in the admitted patients.

Patient satisfaction is a concept that has been addressed as important for many years. To investigate the patient satisfaction, we utilized the Smith-Falvo Patient-Doctor Interaction Scale analysed validity and reliability and surveryed to 279 consecutive patient-initiated visits from June to July 1990. Also, making use of the reconsidered items, we surveyed the frequency of each item which has positive effect on patient satisfaction and the frequency of each item according to the characteristics of both patients and physicians.

1. Patient satisfaction is scored 55.8%(73%), as mean, and the dispersion is scored from 32(42%) to 76(100%).
2. Patient's sex, age, education, econmoic state, admission history and interview history does not effect patient satisfaction.
3. Patient satisfaction to family physician is higher than that to internal physician as 57.4(71%) and 54.4(71%)(P<0.05), but no difference between hospital and local clinic.
4. In Doctor's professional attitude and manner to patient, patient satisfaction to family physician is higher than that to internal medicine physician as 24.8(77%) and 23.1(72%)(P<0.05), but no difference between hospital and local clinic.
5. In doctor's explanations given to patient, patient satisfaction to family physician is higher than that to internal medicine physician as 11.7(73%), and 10.9(68%)(P<0.05), but no difference between hospital and local clinic.
6. In comparative survey of patient satisfaction about each 19th scale, family physician is highly scored in 'It seems that doctor is interesting about my condition'. and other 9 scales, but no difference between hospital and local clinic.