Background The Korean Journal of Family Medicine (KJFM), which is an official journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine, is an English-text medical journal published since 2009. Although nearly 15 years have passed since the journal was launched, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reviewed articles published in the KJFM. Accordingly, we analyzed articles published in the KJFM for the first time.
Methods Articles published in the KJFM between January 2018 and November 2023 were categorized according to article type. Information about author affiliations, study subjects, research methods, and modes of data collection was then scrutinized. Moreover, we compared the frequencies of subjects, research methods and modes of data collection before, during, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Results Original article was the most common article type. Approximately 52% of the articles were published by authors affiliated with departments other than family medicine, and 40% were published by family medicine. Approximately 60% and 38% of the articles were published by Korean authors and authors of international affiliations, respectively. Throughout the pandemic periods, research subjects focusing on “diseases & symptoms” have diminished, while “principles of family medicine” have progressively increased. Additionally, the use of cross-sectional study methods has declined. In terms of data collection, the use of “big data,” “medical records,” and “questionnaires” has decreased, whereas the use of “study results” has increased.
Conclusion KJFM is journal with wide and international participation covering various research subjects and study methods. We believe that our study provides valuable data for the future direction and development of the KJFM.
Background The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The association between components of the MS and bone mineral density has been researched, but no prior studies have directly evaluated the association with the metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density in Korea. Methods: We evaluated postmenopausal women who had visited a university hospital from November 2006 to October 2007. Data on their lifestyle, current medical diseases and medications were collected from medical records. Height, body weight, waist circumference and serum lipid profi les were measured. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.8% in this study. In adjusted analysis including age and other factors, only waist circumference had a close correlation with bone mineral density of femur and lumbar vertebral body (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density of femur and lumbar vertebral body had no correlation with the presence of metabolic syndrome. When stratifi ed by body mass index, corrected bone mineral density revealed no signifi cant correlation with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The bone mineral density of postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome has highly influenced by obesity, especially by abdominal obesity.
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Background Whole body vibration exercise is currently being researched for potential therapeutic and exercise performance benefits. Little is known about the physiological effects of whole body vibration on humans. The aim of this study is that to examine the effects of whole body vibration on body weight and body compositions. Methods:One hundred twelve healthy college students were separated into two groups, one was whole body vibration exercise group, the other control group. The exercise program was more than 10 minutes of whole body vibration exercise and the frequency was more than 3 times per week during three months. Body weight and body composition were checked at the beginning and the end point of this study. Results: Total 91 students finished this study (56 males, 35 females). No significant difference was found in body weight, body mass index, muscle mass, fat mass, body fat ratio, visceral fat area between study and control groups. In female, slight increase were found in body weight (exercise vs.control; 1.1 ± 1.1 kg vs. 0.3 ± 1.9 kg, P = 0.03), body mass index (0.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2, 0.0 ± 0.5 kg/m2, P = 0.002), fat mass (0.8 ± 0.9 kg, -0.3 ± 1.4 kg, P = 0.008), and fat ratio (1.0 ± 1.5%, -0.6 ± 2.4%, P = 0.03) in study group compared with control group, although whether these increase are clinically significant or not. The increase mainly occurred in normal body mass index group in female study group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Theresults of this study suggest that whole body vibration exercise has no significant effect on reducing body weight and fat mass, visceral fat area and on increasing muscle mass.
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Medical Literature and Media Soo Young Kim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(3): 221. CrossRef
Background: In these days the metabolic syndrome threatens many people of Korea. Several studies have suggested that the dietary habits are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to find out relations between the components of the metabolic syndrome and the dietary habits. Methods: The subjects of this study included 1,005 non- smoking premenopausal females aged from 20 to 49 years old who visited the health promotion center of a university hospital. Dietary questionnaire was composed of dietary habits and specific food intake frequency during the past 3 months. Results: The subjects who had more than one metabolic components were 361 (36%), and those who had the metabolic syndrome was 35 (3.5%). After multivariate logistic analysis adjusted with age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise, the abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who had irregular meals (P for trend= 0.049), skip meals (P for trend=0.050), faster meal time (P=0.017), and intake of saturated fat more frequently (P=0.043). The abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who overate or binged eating ≥3 times/week than <1 time/week {OR (95% CI), 2.49 (1.07∼5.80)}, intake fruit <1 time/week than 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 4.46 (1.20∼16.54)}. A risk for high blood pressure was significantly increased in those who had breakfast 1∼2 times/week than those had it 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 1.91 (1.07∼3.42)}. The risk for impaired fasting glucose was significantly increased in those had breakfast <1 time/week than those who had 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 2.27 (1.20∼4.28), P for trend=0.018}. Conclusion: There was a correlation between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome components. Among the dietary habits, irregular meals, skipping breakfast, skipping meals, fast meal time, overeating or binge eating tendency, low intake of fruits and high intake of saturated fat were associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome components. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008; 29:746-761)
Background: Hearing impaired people have a lot of difficulty in communicating when they visit medical institutions. This study was to reveal the family physicians' perception and attitude for the hearing impaired people, and the effect of those factors on the actual physicians' practice behavior for the disabled. Methods: We sent questionnaires by post mail to 1,000 members listed in the 2007 address book of the Korean Association of Family Medicine. Results: Among the total of 90 family physicians who had answered, 72 (80.8%) had willing attitude to treat the hearing impaired people, and the most important reason was that it was essentially a doctor's duty. In the group who were unwilling to treat the disabled, the most principal reason was that they were not equipped with sufficient facility and medical system. Gender was the only factor affecting the physicians' attitude significantly and the female doctors had a higher intention to treat the hearing impaired people than male doctors (P=0.035). Age, location of hospital, number of patients, practical experience of hearing impaired people had no significant effect on doctors' attitude. The number of physicians who volunteered to participate for the hearing impaired people's health promotion personally was significantly higher in the group of treatment intention (P=0.007). Nevertheless, few physicians had the willingness to equip the hospital facility for the hearing disabled, even in the group of willingness to treat the disabled. The most important reason was that very few disabled patients visit their clinic, and so forth they felt no necessity to improve and re-organize their clinical environment. Conclusion: Most family physicians are willing to treat hearing impaired people. But even in the willing group, almost all of them are unwilling to improve or equip the medical facilities for the hearing impaired people personally, because only a few disabled people visit the primary care hospital in the real practice. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:675-686)
Background: Metabolic syndrome has been introduced to increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aim of this study was to investigate the association of fasting plasma glucose levels and metabolic syndrome in normoglycemic adults. Methods: We examined lifestyle factors, anthropometric and laboratory measurement of adults with no personal history of diabetes and normal fasting glucose from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001. We categorized the fasting plasma glucose levels below 100 mg/dl into the quintiles and assessed the association of metabolic syndrome with increasing glycemia in normoglycemic adults. Results: Quintiles of normal fasting plasma glucose levels showed a positive trend with metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and obesity in normoglycemic adults (P＜0.001). Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia, smoking, heavy drinking, and physical activity were of no significance. A multivariate model, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and heavy drinking, revealed a progressively increased odds ratio of metabolic syndrome, 1.05 (95% CI, 0.76∼1.44), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.84∼1.58), 1.33 (95% CI, 0.99∼1.80), 1.55 (95% CI, 1.14∼2.10), with increasing fasting plasma glucose levels, as compared with fasting plasma glucose level of 81 mg/dl or less (P＜0.001). Conclusion: Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycemic range may constitute a risk of metabolic syndrome in normoglycemic adults. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:651-657)
Sung Ki Lee, Hyuk Jung Kweon, Dae Jun Lim, Kyong Rae Kim, Hyun Hee Mo, Hyun Jin Do, Seung Won Oh, Youl Lee Lym, Jae Kyung Choi, Hee Kyung Joh, Dong Yung Cho
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(6):405-411. Published online June 10, 2008
Background The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire. Its completion require a few minutes, but such time may be too much for busy clinicians and large epidemiologic surveys. The goals of this study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) of high nicotine dependence. Methods: The FTND was administered to 943 current smokers from a smoking-cessation clinic in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. The HSI which combines two items of the FTND (the number of cigarettes per day and the time of the first cigarette of the day) was compared to the FTND. We measured cigarette per day, duration of smoking, and age of smoking initiation. Results: A cutoff score equal or greater than 4 on the HSI detected a similar rate of nicotine dependence as a cutoff score equal or greater than 6 on the FTND. The HSI showed a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 86.5%. The concordance between the two instruments was high (kappa= 0.74). Conclusion: The HSI was proven to be very useful. If HSI had a proper validity, the HSI can be a good standard of high nicotine dependence for busy clinician and epidemiologists. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:405-411)
Background Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. Since neuropathy leads to ulceration and amputation, efforts to detect early and to elucidate its risk factors are ongoing. The goal of this study was to check the validity of Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) as a screening test and its risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Methods: A total of 75 subjects with type II diabetes mellitus, who visited a university hospital, were investigated. We measured their duration of diabetes, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, and 24-h urine albumin. MNSI tested and electrophysiological test were performed. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MNSI was 63.5%, 78.3%, 86.8%, and 48.6%, respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between neuropathy and the duration of diabetes and total cholesterol. Conclusion: MNSI seemed to be an appropriate screening test for diabetic neuropathy. More attention must be paid to the duration of diabetes and the total cholesterol of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:610-615)
Background : Suicide is one of the ten largest causes of death in the world. The rate of suicide is recently significantly increasing in Korea and the rate is relatively high, particularly in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to support the establishment of appropriate measures for prevention of suicide through a better recognition of suicide and to investigate the factors that lead to suicide in adolescence with high school students who have large risk factors of suicide due to entrance examination, future courses, etc.
Methods : A questionnaire regarding the factors influencing the impulse of suicide was conducted to 770 high school students in eight high schools in Seoul and local areas between June 1 and July 31, 2005. Suicidal impulses was checked by SSI (scale for suicidal ideation). Depressive mood and internet addiction degrees was evaluated by BDI (Beck's depression inventory) and IAS (internet addiction scale), respectively.
Results : The final subjects of the study were 719 (93.3%) high school students among 770 students in eight high schools in Seoul and local areas, excluding 51 (6.6%) students with insufficient response. There were, 362 (50.3%) male students and 357 (49.7%) female students. Among the total 443 (61.6%) of the subjects had a high risk of suicide. The risk was high in subjects whose parents were divorced, who solved their difficulties by themselves, either expressed suicidal ideation to friends or not expressed suicidal ideation, knew an suicidal internet site and had freguent visits to the internet site. And alcohol experience, drug abuse, BDI and IAS were also connected with a high risk of suicide (P＜0.05). Marital status of parents, resolution of problems, expression of suicidal ideation, BDI and IAS were independent factors affecting SSI (OR= 3.7, 0.7, 0.8, 2.4, and 1.6, P＜0.05) in logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion : High suicidal risk is associated with complex factors. We have discovered several causes which augment the impulse of suicide in adolescence. They are parent's divorce or separation, an expression of suicidal ideation, depressive mood, and the extent of internet addiction, etc. Therefore in order, to prevent adolescent suicide, a unified personal, family, and social efforts are required.
Background : Renal function in patients, who undergo medical examination, is usually evaluated by the serum creatinine level. However this numerical value does not always represent the entire renal function because the values increases only when the renal function has decreased more than 50%. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of renal diseases through the GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) using MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation and to analyze the risk factors related to renal diseases.
Methods : We reviewed all the clinical records of 440 patients who had visited for medical examination between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2004. We have calculated the GFR for each group using the MDRD equation and then figured out the correlation between the GFR and its risk factors.
Results : Patients haing GFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were 19 (7.2%), 60∼90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were 123 (46.4%) and more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were 123 (46.2%). The correlation between the GFR and age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes melitus were observed as negative results in univariate analysis of variance (P＜0.05). Age and diabetes melitus were independent factors affecting the GFR (OR=3.1, 2.2 respectively, P＜0.05) in multiple logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion : It is a well known fact that the declined renal function is related to the aging process and diabetes melitus. Therefore, the mortality rate caused by renal failure and its complications should be decreased through the control of diabetes melitus, aging process and other risk factors.
Background : It is known that various subtypes of obesity exist and there has been a growing interest in the various subtypes of obesity, especially in the unique "metabolically healthy but obese" subtype. The purpose of this study was to analyze the features of obese adults without metabolic complications and to provide data which can be used in strategy formation for the effective treatment of obesity.
Methods : A total of 4,561 obese adults with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2, were recruited from a health promotion center of a university hospital. Sociodemographic and life style information were gathered by self- questionnaire. We classified them into 2 groups - one having no features (metabolically healthy obese; MHO) and the other having 1∼5 features (metabolically unhealthy obese; MUHO) - using the ATP III definition for metabolic syndrome, and used the multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between various factors and MHO.
Results : Age and BMI were related with MHO independently. Adjusted odds ratio for the MHO men was 2.17 compared with women (P＜0.001). Adjusted odds ratio for the MHO regular exercise group was 1.66 compared with the no exercise group (P＜0.007). Additionally, those who exercised more had a greater probability of being in the MHO group. Adjusted odds ratio for the MHO in the large income group was 1.88 (P=0.007) compared with those in the small income group. As was seen with exercise, there was a direct relationship between higher income and the probability of being in the MHO group.
Conclusion : Men compared with women, large income compared with small income, and regular exercise compared with no exercise were features of obese adults which increased their probability of being categorized as "metabolically healthy but obese".
Background : Although proactive screening for sexual dysfunction in primary care has been emphasized as an important part of comprehensive care, doctors seldom ask their patients about their sexual function. Worry about patients' responses was reckoned as a major barrier, but few studies have dealt with how patients feel and what they want. This study was aimed to describe and analyze the attitudes of patients toward proactive screening for sexual dysfunction.
Methods : A set of self-administered questionnaire was given to every patients who visited a family medicine clinic in a university hospital for 2 weeks from March 16, 2005.
Results : A total of 185 patients were analyzed. Among them, 72.4% were willing to consult their physician when they were in trouble with their sexual function, and 84.3% said proactive screening for sexual dysfunction was necessary. Many patients did not care about 'when to be asked' and wanted to be asked in face-to-face interview rather than by a questionnaire. Sentence emphasizing that every patient is given the same question was most preferred.
Conclusion : Patients' attitude toward proactive screening for sexual dysfunction in primary care was generally positive. Patients preferred to be asked ;I ask every patient about his sexual problem. If you're OK, I ask you about your sexual problem.; regardless of timing, during the interview.
Background : There are several reports on the association between hypothyroidism and coronary heart disease. But, it is not convincing whether the subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with the coronary heart disease or not. We have attempted to investigate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and several coronary risk factors, and the difference of Framingham risk score between subclinical hypothyroidism and normal control subjects in women above 55 years old, who have higher prevalence in subclinical hypothyroidism.
Methods : This study involved th subjects above age 55, who visited the health promotion center in a university hospital from 1995 to 2000. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a TSH level greater than 4.1 uIU/mL in the presence of a normal T3 (87-184 ng/dL) and T4 (5.6-13.1ug/dL) level. We measured thyroid function test(TSH, T3, T4) and the coronary risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and body mass index). Also, we calculated the Framingham risk score from their sum.
Results : There were no significant differences between the subclinical hypothyroidism patients and normal control subjects with coronary risk assessment in women above 55-years-old.
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