Background The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) as a known carcinogen. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and NNAL concentrations in non-smokers.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the 2016 to 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Urine NNAL concentrations were categorized into tertiles of 3,615 study participants who were non-smokers. All sampling and weight variables were stratified, and analyses to account for the complex sampling design were conducted.
Results The overall, male, and female percentages of SHS exposure among non-smokers were 22.4%, 29.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. The geometric means of urine NNAL concentrations were 1.896±0.098 pg/mL and 1.094±0.028 pg/mL in the SHS exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, in the total group, the geometric mean of urine NNAL concentrations was significantly higher in the SHS exposure group than in the SHS non-exposure group (adjusted P-value <0.001). Compared with the non-exposure group, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest NNAL tertile group of overall SHS exposure in the total, men, and women groups were 2.44 (1.95–3.05), 1.65 (1.08–2.53), and 2.73 (2.11–3.52), respectively, after full adjustment.
Conclusion The urine NNAL concentration in the SHS exposure group was significantly higher than that in the non-exposure group. Exposure to SHS was associated with a higher risk of elevated urine NNAL concentrations in non-smokers.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Differences in biomarkers of potential harm after 2+ years of tobacco heating system use compared to cigarette smoking: a cross-sectional study S. Michael Ansari, Patrice Leroy, Guillaume de La Bourdonnaye, Sandrine Pouly, Lindsay Reese, Christelle Haziza Biomarkers.2025; 30(2): 178. CrossRef
Secondhand smoke exposure at home in a representative sample of adults in Poland in 2024: A cross-sectional survey Mateusz Jankowski European Journal of Health Policy, Humanization of Care and Medical Ethics.2025; 4(1): 41. CrossRef
Empowering Women in Tobacco Control: A Participatory Study on Household Smoking Behavior in Aceh, Indonesia Hasrizal Saffutra, Mustanir Yahya, Rizanna Rosemary, Rosaria Indah, Dedy Syahrizal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(10): 1490. CrossRef
Molecular mechanisms of passive smoking-induced respiratory diseases Hina Agraval, Umesh C.S. Yadav Respiratory Medicine.2025; 247: 108279. CrossRef
High throughput and sensitive quantitation of tobacco-specific alkaloids and nitrosamines in wastewater Zhe Wang, Qiuda Zheng, Benjamin J. Tscharke, Jinglong Li, Jake W. O'Brien, Brad Patterson, Zeyang Zhao, Kevin V. Thomas, Jochen F. Mueller, Phong K. Thai Talanta.2024; 277: 126401. CrossRef
Association Between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms Among the General Population of Non-smoker Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study Mohammed Madkhali, Safa Shariff, Raghad Albalawi, Abdulrahman Aqeel, Abdulqader Alshahrani, Raghd Alabdullah, Raghad Alasmari, Wajd Aljohani Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Short-Term Effects of Side-Stream Smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors TrKA and p75NTR in a Group of Non-Smokers Anna Maria Stabile, Alessandra Pistilli, Desirée Bartolini, Eleonora Angelucci, Marco Dell’Omo, Gabriele Di Sante, Mario Rende International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 10317. CrossRef
Hyo-Sun You, Yu-Jin Kwon, Sunyoung Kim, Yang-Hyun Kim, Ye-seul Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Yong-kyun Roh, Byoungjin Park, Young Kyu Park, Chang-Hae Park, Joung Sik Son, Jinyoung Shin, Hyun-Young Shin, Bumjo Oh, Jae-woo Lee, Jae Yong Shim, Chang Won Won, Ji Won Yoo, Sang-Hyun Lee, Hee-Taik Kang, Duk Chul Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(6):413-424. Published online November 20, 2021
Aging has become a global problem, and the interest in healthy aging is growing. Healthy aging involves a focus on the maintenance of the function and well-being of elderly adults, rather than a specific disease. Thus, the management of frailty, which is an accumulated decline in function, is important for healthy aging. The adaptation method was used to develop clinical practice guidelines on frailty management that are applicable in primary care settings. The guidelines were developed in three phases: preparation (organization of committees and establishment of the scope of development), literature screening and evaluation (selection of the clinical practice guidelines to be adapted and evaluation of the guidelines using the Korean Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool), and confirmation of recommendations (three rounds of Delphi consensus and internal and external reviews). A total of 16 recommendations (five recommendations for diagnosis and assessment, 11 recommendations for intervention of frailty) were made through the guideline development process. These clinical practice guidelines provide overall guidance on the identification, evaluation, intervention, and monitoring of frailty, making them applicable in primary care settings. As aging and “healthy aging” become more and more important, these guidelines are also expected to increase in clinical usefulness.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Effect of a wearable-sensor-assisted multicomponent exercise program on physical fitness, cognition and quality of life in frail older adults Genghong Tu, Lining Liu, Huiyi Tang, Weizhong Chen, Bagen Liao Translational Exercise Biomedicine.2025; 2(3): 201. CrossRef
Frailty assessment utilization around the globe–a systematic review Samantha Gaston, Elle Billman, Lichy Han, David Drover The Journal of Frailty & Aging.2025; 14(6): 100088. CrossRef
Summary of best evidence for prevention and management of frailty Yinning Guo, Xueyi Miao, Jieman Hu, Li Chen, Yimeng Chen, Kang Zhao, Ting Xu, Xiaoman Jiang, Hanfei Zhu, Xinyi Xu, Qin Xu Age and Ageing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Frailty: Assessment and Intervention Hana Moon, Geon Ho Lee, DaeHyun Kim Keimyung Medical Journal.2024; 43(2): 100. CrossRef
Clinical practice guidelines for frailty vary in quality but guide primary health care: a systematic review Huaxin Si, Jiaqi Yu, Qinqin Liu, Yanyan Li, Yaru Jin, Yanhui Bian, Xiaoxia Qiao, Wenyu Wang, Lili Ji, Yan Wang, Jian Du, Cuili Wang Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2023; 161: 28. CrossRef
Yaşlılarda Kırılganlığın Önlenmesi ve Yönetiminde Kanıta Dayalı Yaklaşımlar Ayşe Buket DOĞAN, Özlem CANBOLAT Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer.2023; 13(3): 501. CrossRef
Validation of the Korean Academy of Geriatric Dentistry screening questionnaire and oral frailty diagnostic criteria in community-dwelling older adults Jeong-Hyun Kang, Seong-Chan Park, Hoi-In Jung, Sun Jae Jung, Hye-Jin Park, Soo-Min Kim, Min-Ji Jo, Yun-Seon Lee, Sun-Young Han Epidemiology and Health.2023; 46: e2024008. CrossRef
Up-to-date knowledge of frailty Chang Won Won Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(2): 108. CrossRef
Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients Seung-Won Oh Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 801. CrossRef
Background Few studies have reported on the trends in influenza vaccination rates among cancer survivors in Korea. We investigated these trends over a recent 11-year period (2005–2015).
Methods Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III– VI (2005–2015). After excluding individuals younger than 40 years of age, the participants included 2,210 cancer survivors (861 men and 1,349 women). We categorized these study participants into four groups according to age and sex.
Results The influenza vaccination rate decreased significantly among male cancer survivors, with rates of 74.8, 64.7, 56.2, and 55.2% (β coefficient=-0.257, P for trend <0.001) in KNHANES III, VI, V, and VI, respectively. While influenza vaccination rates decreased significantly among older male cancer survivors (≥65 years) (β coefficient=-0.359, P for trend=0.017), they increased among older female cancer survivors (β coefficient=0.375, P for trend=0.011) from 2005 to 2015.
Conclusion Influenza vaccination rates in older cancer survivors significantly decreased in men but increased in women in successive KNHANES phases. Efforts are needed to improve immunization education and awareness, especially in older male cancer survivors.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in immunocompromised patients with cancer: A Danish nationwide register‐based cohort study Lau Amdisen, Lars Pedersen, Niels Abildgaard, Christine Stabell Benn, Deirdre Cronin‐Fenton, Signe Sørup Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Disentangling behavioral determinants of seasonal influenza vaccination in post-corona era: An integrated model approach So-Hyun Kim, Minsoo Jung, Hani Amir Aouissi PLOS One.2025; 20(5): e0323184. CrossRef
The coverage of influenza vaccination and predictors of influenza non-vaccination in Danish cancer patients: A nationwide register-based cohort study Lau Amdisen, Lars Pedersen, Niels Abildgaard, Christine Stabell Benn, Mikael Rørth, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton, Signe Sørup Vaccine.2024; 42(7): 1690. CrossRef
Vaccination uptake among post-treatment cancer survivors: A multi-vaccine scoping review Kavita Renduchintala, Mariana Arevalo, Gabriella Fonseca, Mary Katherine Haver, Clement K. Gwede, Smitha Pabbathi, Shannon M. Christy Vaccine.2024; 42(22): 125995. CrossRef
Seasonal influenza vaccination among cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the determinants George N. Okoli, Otto L.T. Lam, Tiba Abdulwahid, Christine J. Neilson, Salaheddin M. Mahmud, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta Current Problems in Cancer.2021; 45(2): 100646. CrossRef
A cross‐sectional study of factors associated with influenza vaccination in Korean cancer survivors Ji Eun Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Jinyoung Shin, In Young Cho, Jungkwon Lee, JiHye Hwang, BeLong Cho, Yun‐Mi Song European Journal of Cancer Care.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Influenza Vaccination Status and Its Affecting Factors among Stroke Survivors: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Eung-Joon Lee, Oh Deog Kwon, Seung Jae Kim Vaccines.2021; 9(7): 763. CrossRef
Background Cancer survivors are at a higher risk of primary cancer recurrence and development of second primary cancer. In both cases, early disease detection is crucial. This cross-sectional study assessed cancer screening participation rates according to cancer history.
Methods Data were obtained from the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 12,500 participants. Of these, 624 cancer survivors were enrolled in this study. Sampling weights were applied to maintain the representativeness of the Korean adult population.
Results Overall 2-year cancer screening rates prior to the survey in male and female cancer survivors were 59.9% and 73.7%, respectively, while opportunistic cancer screening rates were 33.5% and 52.1%, respectively. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the overall cancer screening among the cancer survivors, compared to others, were 1.16 (0.79–1.72) in male and 1.78 (1.20–2.63) in female participants, after the adjustment for confounding variables. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for opportunistic cancer screening and National Cancer Screening Program among cancer survivors were 1.56 (1.07–2.27) and 0.80 (0.53–1.21) in males and 2.05 (1.46–2.88) and 0.66 (0.46–0.95) in females.
Conclusion Female cancer survivors showed a higher rate of overall and opportunistic cancer screening than did the male cancer survivors. Further efforts are required to improve cancer screening among male cancer survivors.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Cancer screening and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals: new insights from the 2021 STEPs national study in Iran Dorsa Salabat, Sheida Sarrafzadeh, Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Nazila Rezaei, Sepehr Khosravi, Ali Golestani, Farzad Kompani, Samaneh Akbarpour BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Temporal Trend in Uptake of the National General Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Program among Korean Women with Breast Cancer Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Chihwan Cha, Boyoung Park Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 522. CrossRef
Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017) Yong Whi Jeong, Yeojin Jung, Hoyeon Jeong, Ji Hye Huh, Ki-Chul Sung, Jeong-Hun Shin, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jang Young Kim, Dae Ryong Kang Diagnostics.2022; 12(8): 1967. CrossRef
First
Prev
