Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may cause systemic inflammation and increase the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. Unfortunately, bone mineral density also may be affected by these cytokines. This study aimed to evaluate the association between bone mineral density and H. pylori infection.
Methods
A cross-sectional study evaluated 1,126 men undergoing a comprehensive health screening in a private Korean screening center. Subjects' sera were tested for H. pylori antibodies (immunoglobulin G) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bone mineral densities (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To evaluate the difference in bone mineral density according to H. pylori infection status, the adjusted mean bone mineral densities at each site were compared after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise.
Results
H. pylori infection was associated with a significant decrease in mean lumbar bone mineral density (H. pylori-positive, 1.190 g/cm2; H. pylori-negative, 1.219 g/cm2; P=0.006), which was greatest among men who were ≥50 years old (H. pylori-positive, 1.193 g/cm2; H. pylori-negative, 1.233 g/cm2; P=0.006). However, no significant association was observed in the bone mineral densities of the total femur and femoral neck.
Conclusion
In men, H. pylori infection was negatively associated with lumbar bone mineral density. This association may be useful in the early detection, prevention, and management of male osteoporosis.
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Background Whole body vibration exercise is currently being researched for potential therapeutic and exercise performance benefits. Little is known about the physiological effects of whole body vibration on humans. The aim of this study is that to examine the effects of whole body vibration on body weight and body compositions. Methods:One hundred twelve healthy college students were separated into two groups, one was whole body vibration exercise group, the other control group. The exercise program was more than 10 minutes of whole body vibration exercise and the frequency was more than 3 times per week during three months. Body weight and body composition were checked at the beginning and the end point of this study. Results: Total 91 students finished this study (56 males, 35 females). No significant difference was found in body weight, body mass index, muscle mass, fat mass, body fat ratio, visceral fat area between study and control groups. In female, slight increase were found in body weight (exercise vs.control; 1.1 ± 1.1 kg vs. 0.3 ± 1.9 kg, P = 0.03), body mass index (0.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2, 0.0 ± 0.5 kg/m2, P = 0.002), fat mass (0.8 ± 0.9 kg, -0.3 ± 1.4 kg, P = 0.008), and fat ratio (1.0 ± 1.5%, -0.6 ± 2.4%, P = 0.03) in study group compared with control group, although whether these increase are clinically significant or not. The increase mainly occurred in normal body mass index group in female study group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Theresults of this study suggest that whole body vibration exercise has no significant effect on reducing body weight and fat mass, visceral fat area and on increasing muscle mass.
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Medical Literature and Media Soo Young Kim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(3): 221. CrossRef
Background: In these days the metabolic syndrome threatens many people of Korea. Several studies have suggested that the dietary habits are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to find out relations between the components of the metabolic syndrome and the dietary habits. Methods: The subjects of this study included 1,005 non- smoking premenopausal females aged from 20 to 49 years old who visited the health promotion center of a university hospital. Dietary questionnaire was composed of dietary habits and specific food intake frequency during the past 3 months. Results: The subjects who had more than one metabolic components were 361 (36%), and those who had the metabolic syndrome was 35 (3.5%). After multivariate logistic analysis adjusted with age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise, the abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who had irregular meals (P for trend= 0.049), skip meals (P for trend=0.050), faster meal time (P=0.017), and intake of saturated fat more frequently (P=0.043). The abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who overate or binged eating ≥3 times/week than <1 time/week {OR (95% CI), 2.49 (1.07∼5.80)}, intake fruit <1 time/week than 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 4.46 (1.20∼16.54)}. A risk for high blood pressure was significantly increased in those who had breakfast 1∼2 times/week than those had it 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 1.91 (1.07∼3.42)}. The risk for impaired fasting glucose was significantly increased in those had breakfast <1 time/week than those who had 6∼7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 2.27 (1.20∼4.28), P for trend=0.018}. Conclusion: There was a correlation between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome components. Among the dietary habits, irregular meals, skipping breakfast, skipping meals, fast meal time, overeating or binge eating tendency, low intake of fruits and high intake of saturated fat were associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome components. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008; 29:746-761)
Background: Hearing impaired people have a lot of difficulty in communicating when they visit medical institutions. This study was to reveal the family physicians' perception and attitude for the hearing impaired people, and the effect of those factors on the actual physicians' practice behavior for the disabled. Methods: We sent questionnaires by post mail to 1,000 members listed in the 2007 address book of the Korean Association of Family Medicine. Results: Among the total of 90 family physicians who had answered, 72 (80.8%) had willing attitude to treat the hearing impaired people, and the most important reason was that it was essentially a doctor's duty. In the group who were unwilling to treat the disabled, the most principal reason was that they were not equipped with sufficient facility and medical system. Gender was the only factor affecting the physicians' attitude significantly and the female doctors had a higher intention to treat the hearing impaired people than male doctors (P=0.035). Age, location of hospital, number of patients, practical experience of hearing impaired people had no significant effect on doctors' attitude. The number of physicians who volunteered to participate for the hearing impaired people's health promotion personally was significantly higher in the group of treatment intention (P=0.007). Nevertheless, few physicians had the willingness to equip the hospital facility for the hearing disabled, even in the group of willingness to treat the disabled. The most important reason was that very few disabled patients visit their clinic, and so forth they felt no necessity to improve and re-organize their clinical environment. Conclusion: Most family physicians are willing to treat hearing impaired people. But even in the willing group, almost all of them are unwilling to improve or equip the medical facilities for the hearing impaired people personally, because only a few disabled people visit the primary care hospital in the real practice. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:675-686)
Background: Metabolic syndrome has been introduced to increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aim of this study was to investigate the association of fasting plasma glucose levels and metabolic syndrome in normoglycemic adults. Methods: We examined lifestyle factors, anthropometric and laboratory measurement of adults with no personal history of diabetes and normal fasting glucose from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001. We categorized the fasting plasma glucose levels below 100 mg/dl into the quintiles and assessed the association of metabolic syndrome with increasing glycemia in normoglycemic adults. Results: Quintiles of normal fasting plasma glucose levels showed a positive trend with metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and obesity in normoglycemic adults (P＜0.001). Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia, smoking, heavy drinking, and physical activity were of no significance. A multivariate model, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and heavy drinking, revealed a progressively increased odds ratio of metabolic syndrome, 1.05 (95% CI, 0.76∼1.44), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.84∼1.58), 1.33 (95% CI, 0.99∼1.80), 1.55 (95% CI, 1.14∼2.10), with increasing fasting plasma glucose levels, as compared with fasting plasma glucose level of 81 mg/dl or less (P＜0.001). Conclusion: Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycemic range may constitute a risk of metabolic syndrome in normoglycemic adults. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:651-657)
Sung Ki Lee, Hyuk Jung Kweon, Dae Jun Lim, Kyong Rae Kim, Hyun Hee Mo, Hyun Jin Do, Seung Won Oh, Youl Lee Lym, Jae Kyung Choi, Hee Kyung Joh, Dong Yung Cho
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(6):405-411. Published online June 10, 2008
Background The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire. Its completion require a few minutes, but such time may be too much for busy clinicians and large epidemiologic surveys. The goals of this study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) of high nicotine dependence. Methods: The FTND was administered to 943 current smokers from a smoking-cessation clinic in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. The HSI which combines two items of the FTND (the number of cigarettes per day and the time of the first cigarette of the day) was compared to the FTND. We measured cigarette per day, duration of smoking, and age of smoking initiation. Results: A cutoff score equal or greater than 4 on the HSI detected a similar rate of nicotine dependence as a cutoff score equal or greater than 6 on the FTND. The HSI showed a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 86.5%. The concordance between the two instruments was high (kappa= 0.74). Conclusion: The HSI was proven to be very useful. If HSI had a proper validity, the HSI can be a good standard of high nicotine dependence for busy clinician and epidemiologists. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:405-411)
Background Recently, in our ageing society, the change in dietary pattern and increase in obesity have caused the metabolic syndrome to increase in Korea. Because of the association of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the metabolic syndrome must be prevented and well managed. We examined the association between the metabolic syndrome and the serum testosterone and DHEA-S concentration. Methods: The subject of this study included 231 men aged more than 40 years old who visited the health promotion center of a university hospital from March 2004 to March 2006. We excluded the subjects who were currently on medications except for antihypertensive and hypoglycemic agents. We defined the metabolic syndrome according to the ATP III with Asia-Pacific waist circumference. To examine the association between the metabolic syndrome and the serum testosterone concentration, we used the method of multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in our subjects was 32.9%. Decreased serum testosterone concentration was significantly associated with large waist circumference and high fasting blood sugar. Men with testosterone values in the upper tertile had a significantly lower risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.34, P=0.018). Conclusion: After statistical adjustment for age, smoking, income, exercise, alcohol intake, and body mass index, the serum testosterone concentration was negatively associated with the metabolic syndrome. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:705-711)
Background Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. Since neuropathy leads to ulceration and amputation, efforts to detect early and to elucidate its risk factors are ongoing. The goal of this study was to check the validity of Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) as a screening test and its risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Methods: A total of 75 subjects with type II diabetes mellitus, who visited a university hospital, were investigated. We measured their duration of diabetes, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, and 24-h urine albumin. MNSI tested and electrophysiological test were performed. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MNSI was 63.5%, 78.3%, 86.8%, and 48.6%, respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between neuropathy and the duration of diabetes and total cholesterol. Conclusion: MNSI seemed to be an appropriate screening test for diabetic neuropathy. More attention must be paid to the duration of diabetes and the total cholesterol of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:610-615)
Background : It is known that various subtypes of obesity exist and there has been a growing interest in the various subtypes of obesity, especially in the unique "metabolically healthy but obese" subtype. The purpose of this study was to analyze the features of obese adults without metabolic complications and to provide data which can be used in strategy formation for the effective treatment of obesity.
Methods : A total of 4,561 obese adults with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2, were recruited from a health promotion center of a university hospital. Sociodemographic and life style information were gathered by self- questionnaire. We classified them into 2 groups - one having no features (metabolically healthy obese; MHO) and the other having 1∼5 features (metabolically unhealthy obese; MUHO) - using the ATP III definition for metabolic syndrome, and used the multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between various factors and MHO.
Results : Age and BMI were related with MHO independently. Adjusted odds ratio for the MHO men was 2.17 compared with women (P＜0.001). Adjusted odds ratio for the MHO regular exercise group was 1.66 compared with the no exercise group (P＜0.007). Additionally, those who exercised more had a greater probability of being in the MHO group. Adjusted odds ratio for the MHO in the large income group was 1.88 (P=0.007) compared with those in the small income group. As was seen with exercise, there was a direct relationship between higher income and the probability of being in the MHO group.
Conclusion : Men compared with women, large income compared with small income, and regular exercise compared with no exercise were features of obese adults which increased their probability of being categorized as "metabolically healthy but obese".
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