Korean Journal of Family Medicine

A Case Report of Male Systemic Lupus Erythematous with Antinuclear Antibodies-Negative: A Challenging Diagnosis: Ruziana Baharudin, Nur Suhaila Idris, Juliawati Muhammad, Wan Noor Hasbee Wan Abdullah; Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(2):150-154. Published online March 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0211

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. We report a case of male systemic lupus erythematous with antinuclear antibodies and typical clinical presentations of multiple skin lesions, polyarticular joint pain, fatigue, anorexia, and hair loss. Full evaluations were used to establish a diagnosis of SLE. The lower prevalence of SLE among males and antinuclear antibody-negative patients poses a great challenge for diagnosis. Therefore, as primary care doctors, we need to have a high suspicion of systemic lupus erythematous even in male and antinuclear antibody-negative patients. Thus, early treatment may help patients improve their quality of life.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with slurred speech: a case report
Reza Azizi Malamiri, Negar Dinarvand, Mohammad Reza Fathi
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Dilemma of ANA-negative Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a South Asian Female
Qaisar Ali Khan, Tehmina khan, Parsa Abdi, Christopher Farkouh, Michelle Anthony, Faiza Amatul Hadi, Sumaira Iram
Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Unusual presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a male child: a case presentation
Khyati Gupta, Vishal Dnyaneshwar Sawant, Sushma Save
Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Case Report of Pityriasis Lichenoides-Like Mycosis Fungoides in Children: A Challenging Diagnosis: Siti Noorfadhilah Mohd Amin, Rosediani Muhamad, Wan Noor Hasbee Wan Abdullah, Maryam Mohd Zulkifli, Ikmal Hisyam Bakrin, Teebah Tangam; Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(4):334-338. Published online May 21, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0036

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Primary cutaneous lymphomas are rare diseases among the general population, and even rarer in children. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most commonly diagnosed form in childhood. Several atypical clinical variants of MF have been reported, and pityriasis lichenoides-like MF (PL-like MF) is a recently described subtype. We report about a rare case of PL-like MF in an 11-year-old Malay boy with a 2-year history of multiple scaly erythematous papules associated with progressive and generalized hypopigmentation. This case report illustrates the significant dilemma in the diagnosis of the disease, particularly in the early stages, because its symptoms can mimic those of many common childhood inflammatory skin disorders. Later, the widespread hypopigmentation obscured the characteristic lesions, leading to misdiagnosis. Moreover, due to unfamiliarity of the disease, the diagnosis of PL-like MF was missed and delayed until only 2 years after the onset of the dermatosis. Therefore, primary care practitioners must have a high index of suspicion for this cutaneous neoplasm in children with persistent or worsening skin lesions, not responding to standard therapy, to ensure timely referral, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Citations to this article as recorded by

Pityriasis lichenoides in children: modern understanding of the problem
S. Alhaffar, O.V. Zhukova, E.I. Kasikhina, M.N. Ostretsova, N.N. Filimonkova
Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology.2026; 25(1): 7. CrossRef
Mimicry in Cutaneous Malignancy—Rare Forms of Mycosis Fungoides as Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Narrative Review
Marija Malinić, Branislav Lekić, Dubravka Živanović
Medicina.2026; 62(4): 616. CrossRef
Pediatric Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica, A Rare Case Report
Halkawt Babarasul Ahmed, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz, Mohammed Kaka Bra Salih, Goran Mohammed Raouf, Parshal Bhandari
Clinical Case Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The Overlapping Clinicopathological Presentations of Pityriasis Lichenoides and Mycosis Fungoides
Olivia Pierog, Mariah Estill, Jaroslaw Jedrych, Sima Rozati, Rachel Marchalik
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.2025; 52(12): 785. CrossRef
Pityriasis-like Mycosis Fungoides in Children: Two Challenging Cases in Singapore
Lynn Chua, Elis Lee, Mark Koh
Asian Journal of Pediatric Dermatology.2025; 3(1): 1. CrossRef
Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann Disease Associated With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Caroline Chen, Lauren M. Fahmy, Celine M. Schreidah, Cynthia M. Magro, Larisa J. Geskin
The American Journal of Dermatopathology.2024; 46(4): 238. CrossRef
Pityriasis Lichenoides-Like Mycosis Fungoides: A Case Report
Lily Park, Claudia Green, Derrek M Giansiracusa, Penelope Hirt, Carlos Ricotti, Francisco Kerdel
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Mycosis fungoides in pediatric population: comprehensive review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management
Rohit Kothari, Jacek C. Szepietowski, Martine Bagot, Sunmeet Sandhu, Anant Patil, Stephan Grabbe, Mohamad Goldust
International Journal of Dermatology.2022; 61(12): 1458. CrossRef
Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica-like CD8-Positive Mycosis Fungoides
Thilo Gambichler, Ekaterina Heinzer, Carlo Hendricks, Nicole Duschner, Stefanie Boms
Dermato.2022; 2(4): 121. CrossRef

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Lucio Phenomenon: Sequelae of Neglected Leprosy: Siti Nuryati Che Ya, Rosediani Muhamad, Rosnani Zakaria, Azlina Ishak, Wan Noor Hasbee Wan Abdullah; Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(3):245-249. Published online January 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.19.0068

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Lucio phenomenon is a potentially fatal leprosy reaction seen in pure, primitive, and diffuse form of lepromatous leprosy. It is a globally restricted phenomenon that occurs in Mexico and Costa Rica; however, sporadic cases have been reported elsewhere. We report a rare case of a 50-year-old Indonesian, who resided in Malaysia for the past 33 years, which presented with extensive ulcers on all four limbs for 3 weeks, as well as a 16-year history of skin changes and alopecia. Full evaluation established the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy with Lucio phenomenon. Delay in diagnosis leads to significant disabilities and disease transmission within the community. Therefore, primary care practitioners, even in non-endemic countries, should be wary of this atypical feature of leprosy to prevent complications since it is a highly curable disease.

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Prolonged Untreated Multibacillary Leprosy Presenting with Generalized Ulceronecrotic Lesions: A Lucio Phenomenon Case Report
Alida Widiawaty, Ilhami Romus, Hendra Gunawan, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, Sherly Dermawan, Adenia Zanna, Roma Natasha Situmorang
SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine.2026; 10(4): 3296. CrossRef
Lucio’s Phenomenon in Hansen’s Disease: A Case Report of a Condition Not to Be Forgotten
Kelly A Arenas Sanchez, Pedro G Caicedo Vásquez, Lina M Sandoval Calle, José F Huertas, Jaime M Vinueza
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Rare Variant of Leprosy Reaction (Lucio Phenomenon): A Case Series
Luh Made Mas Rusyati, Herman Saputra, Made Sanitca Indah, Ni Kadek Setyawati
The International Journal of Mycobacteriology.2024; 13(1): 105. CrossRef
Leprosy reactions: Unraveling immunological mechanisms underlying tissue damage in leprosy patients
Héctor Serrano-Coll, Eric L Wan, Lina Restrepo-Rivera, Nora Cardona-Castro
Pathogens and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The economic burden of leprosy treatment to households in Ghana: A cross-sectional study in the Volta Region of Ghana
Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba, Alfred Kwesi Manyeh, Mustapha Immurana, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Isaiah Agorinya, James Akazili, Patricia Akweongo, Benedict Okoe Quao
SAGE Open Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Lucio phenomenon: A case report
Priyanka Dilipbhai Bodar, Jalpa Kailashbhai Patel, Devna Subramonia Pillai, Rita Vipul Vora
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.2023; 91: 91. CrossRef
Lucio Phenomenon and APLA in Hansen's Disease: A Rare Phenomenon
Jayanta Sharma, Sudipto Chakroborty, Kisholoy Karan, Parthajit Das
Bengal Physician Journal.2022; 9(2): 44. CrossRef
Dermatopatología de la oclusión intraluminal vascular: parte I (trombos)
M.J. Beato Merino, A. Diago, Á. Fernández-Flores, J. Fraga, A. García Herrera, M. Garrido, M.Á. Idoate Gastearena, M. Llamas-Velasco, C. Monteagudo, J. Onrubia, Y.C. Pérez-González, N. Pérez Muñoz, J.J. Ríos-Martín, E. Ríos-Viñuela, J.L. Rodríguez Peralto
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas.2021; 112(1): 1. CrossRef
Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of the Main Causes of Vascular Occusion — Part I: Thrombi
M.J. Beato Merino, A. Diago, A. Fernandez-Flores, J. Fraga, A. García Herrera, M. Garrido, M.A. Idoate Gastearena, M. Llamas-Velasco, C. Monteagudo, J. Onrubia, Y.C. Pérez-González, N. Pérez Muñoz, J.J. Ríos-Martín, E. Ríos-Viñuela, J.L. Rodríguez Peralto
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition).2021; 112(1): 1. CrossRef
Lucio’s phenomenon in untreated advanced leprosy
Nurwahyuna Rosli
Human Pathology: Case Reports.2020; 21: 200413. CrossRef

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A Diabetic Elderly Man with Finger Ulcer: Noraini Mohamad, Salziyan Badrin, Wan Noor Hasbee Wan Abdullah; Korean J Fam Med 2018;39(2):126-129. Published online March 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.2.126

Abstract
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Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis is a differential diagnosis that can be considered in diabetic patients who present with a poorly healing ulcer. Although its prevalence is low, it can occur in patients with immunocompromised status. Here we report a case of a 70-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who presented with a 1-month history of an unhealed ulcer over the tip of his left middle finger. He experienced a cat bite over his left middle finger 1 month prior to the appearance of the lesion. A skin biopsy revealed the presence of Sporothrix schenckii. Oral itraconazole 200 mg twice daily was started empirically and the patient showed marked improvement in the skin lesion after 2 months of therapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sporotrichosis in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of individual participant data
Helena Duani, Alexandro Bonifaz, Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Vanessa Caroline Randi Magalhães, Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto
Medical Mycology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Sporotrichosis: an overview of the neglected disease reported worldwide in the last five years
João Victor Moura Rosa, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Disseminated Cutaneous, Osteoarticular, and Tubulointerstitial Sporotrichosis in an Immunosenescent and Diabetic Host: A Case Report
Juan Esteban Velez-Hernandez, Natalia Giraldo, Erika Andrea Sánchez-Cifuentes, María del Pilar Jiménez-Alzate, Fernando Lopez-Urbano, Sergio A. Cuevas Covarrubias
Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis associated with diabetes: A case report and literature review
Xiujiao Xia, Huilin Zhi, Zehu Liu, Joshua Nosanchuk
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(9): e0011647. CrossRef
Nonhealing ulcer on the fingertip
Vishal Gupta, Ananya Sharma, Neena Khanna, Swati Mahajan, Asit Ranjan Mridha
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.2021; 88: 207. CrossRef
Facial Cutaneous Sporotrichosis in a Boy
Leonardo Lora Barraza, Jéssica Bissoli Tolomelli, Caroline Graça Cunha, Fred Bernardes Filho, Loan Towersey, Roderick Hay, Regina Casz Schechtman, José Augusto da Costa Nery
The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2019; 56(2): 222. CrossRef
Sporotrichosis In Immunocompromised Hosts
Flavio Queiroz-Telles, Renata Buccheri, Gil Benard
Journal of Fungi.2019; 5(1): 8. CrossRef