Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among breast cancer survivors, using a validated multidimensional FCR-assessing instrument. Despite the debate over its medical effects, the use of CAM in breast cancer survivors is increasing.
Methods
We recruited 326 breast cancer survivors who had completed the primary cancer treatment. Information on CAM use was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire, and FCR was assessed using the Korean version of the FCR Inventory (FCRI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between CAM use and FCR.
Results
CAM users had higher total FCR scores than CAM non-users after covariate adjustment (CAM users: 74.6 vs. CAM non-users: 68.7; P=0.047). Among the FCRI subscales, CAM users showed higher coping strategy scores (CAM users: 22.3 vs. CAM non-users: 20.6; P=0.034) in the multivariable adjusted analysis. The use of multiple types of CAM was associated with increased FCR in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.002).
Conclusion
Breast cancer survivors who used CAM had a higher FCR than CAM non-users. The dose-response relationship between the use of multiple types of CAM and FCR suggests that breast cancer survivors who use multiple types of CAM should be provided with appropriate psychological interventions to decrease FCR.

Citations

• Associations between Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Health-Related Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Health Behaviors in Cancer Survivors
  Seo-Hee CHOI, Yeol KIM, Yu-Ri CHOE
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2025; 25(3): 99.     CrossRef
• Critical Considerations Regarding the Article “Association between Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Fear of Cancer Recurrence among Breast Cancer Survivors”
  Niloufar Johari Varnoosfaderani, Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(1): 66.     CrossRef
• Use of complementary and alternative medicine for reducing fear of cancer recurrence among cancer survivors: Does it work?
  Heliang Wu, Adnan Rashid Aziz, Mahlagha Dehghan, Leyla Ahmadi Lari, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Mohammad Ali Zakeri
  Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 10(10): 100278.     CrossRef
• Adherence to lifestyle recommendations among Norwegian cancer survivors and the impact of traditional and complementary medicine use: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016
  Kiwumulo Nakandi, Faith O. Benebo, Laila A. Hopstock, Trine Stub, Agnete E. Kristoffersen
  BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
In recent years, an increased incidence of breast cancer has made this disease the most common malignancy among Iranian women. Since education plays an important role in the implementation of preventive behaviors in breast cancer treatment, this study investigates the effect of educational interventions on the promotion of lifestyle-related behaviors that prevent breast cancer in middle-aged women.
Methods
In this randomized control study, 120 women referred to Neyshabur Health Services Centers were randomly selected and divided into two groups: an intervention group (60 subjects) and a control group (60 subjects). An educational intervention was carried out over five sessions, based on protective motivation theory constructs. Participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire immediately and again 2 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 19.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results
The results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of participants exposed to protective motivation theory, awareness, and physical activities immediately and also 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Although the healthy diet scores of the two groups differed significantly immediately after the educational intervention (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the groups 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Given the effective role of education in protective motivation theory and the physical activity levels of the women who participated in this research, it seems clear that the women’s financial status shaped their ability to consume more fruits and vegetables. As this social element impacts the health of individuals, training programs alone cannot succeed.

Citations

• The effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory in improving reproductive health protective behaviors: a quasi-experimental study
  Zahra Japalaghi, Asieh Bahrami, Reza Beiranvand, Hossein Soltaninejad, Mahdieh Varseh, Nader Sharifi
  BMC Women's Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Increasing Knowledge about Breast Cancer in Young Women with Word Square Model Education
  Putri Nofia Marta Wulandari, Sri Wahyuni Adriani, Siti Kholifah
  Advances in Cancer Science.2024; 1(1): 8.     CrossRef
• Explaining information seeking intentions: Insights from a Slovenian social engineering awareness campaign
  Simon Vrhovec, Igor Bernik, Blaž Markelj
  Computers & Security.2023; 125: 103038.     CrossRef
• The effect of self-care training programs on lifestyle and breast self-examination of immigrant Afghan women
  Elaha Jafari, Mahnaz Zarshenas, Monireh Toosi, Azar Nematollahi, Mehrab Sayadi
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Protection Motivation Theory and Prevention of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
  Fatemeh Estebsari, Zahra Rahimi Khalifehkandi, Marzieh Latifi, Abdollah Farhadinasab, Parvaneh Vasli, Davoud Mostafaie
  Clinical Breast Cancer.2023; 23(4): e239.     CrossRef
• Predictors of breast self‐examination behavior among adult females in Najran city, Saudi Arabia
  Awad M. Al‐Qahtani, Heba A. Ibrahim, Wafaa T. Elgzar
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
In Iran, 82% of breast cancer cases are diagnosed in late stages, resulting in low survival rates. In the present study, the Stages of Change Theory and Health Belief Model were used as theoretical frameworks for assessing Women Health Volunteer readiness to act on different breast cancer screening behaviors.
Methods
A total of 1,410 Women Health Volunteers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography stages of change were measured independently. A standardized questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was used to assess their beliefs about breast cancer screening methods. A path analysis using PASW SPSS ver. 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to test the effects of individual beliefs on breast cancer screening stages of change.
Results
Most participants were classified in the pre-contemplation stage of breast cancer screening behaviors. Perceived barriers, benefits, and susceptibility emerged as BSE stages of change predictors. No beliefs were significant mammography stages of change predictors.
Conclusion
Iranian Women Health Volunteers had a very low adherence to common BSE and mammography practices. Healthy beliefs have a strong association with the stages of change for performing BSE, but not for mammography. The impact of health beliefs on an individual’s readiness to act on different breast cancer screening methods may vary with respect to the type of screening method.

Citations

• SAĞLIĞIN SOSYAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİNİN MEME KANSERİ BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE TARAMALARINA ETKİSİ: BİR SİSTEMATİK DERLEME
  Özlem Durmuş, Keziban Avcı
  Eskişehir Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi.2025; 10(2): 246.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Apparent Temperature in Chang–Zhu–Tan
  Dongshui Zhang, Junjie Liu, Yanlu Xiao, Xiuquan Li, Xinbao Chen, Pin Zhong, Zhe Ning
  Sustainability.2025; 17(16): 7225.     CrossRef
• Mammography screening status of women aged 40 and older in eastern Iran using the precaution adoption process model (PAPM)
  Mahbobe Sadat Sahebi, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh, Mitra Moodi
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring Theoretical Models and Frameworks Used to Explain Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Screening Participation: A Scoping Review
  Dandan Zheng, Pichitra Lekdamrongkul, Xiaofen Gao, Aurawamon Sriyuktasuth
  International Journal of Women's Health.2025; Volume 17: 5639.     CrossRef

Background
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed tumorous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the barriers to mammography adoption among Iranian women.
Methods
This study is a qualitative component of a large research project on exploratory sequential mixed method design, utilizing conventional content analysis. In total, 24 participants were selected from among women who had participated in the first phase of the study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews.
Results
Five main themes were extracted, consisting of unawareness of mammography, fear control, priority of mammography needs, inadequate competency of mammography centers, and a sense of losing family support.
Conclusion
Different perceived barriers within various levels (individual, intrapersonal, health systems, and community) play influential roles in women’s decisions to participate in breast cancer screening program, which indicates the cultural aspect of perceived barriers in different communities and countries. The study provides the basis for intervention planning in this regard.

Citations

• Behind the Screen: An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Breast Screening Uptake in Lancashire (UK)
  Yik Nok Bryan Lee, Alexander Montasem, Lauren Haworth, Jonathan Sinclair, Kim McGuire, Ambreen Chohan
  Health Expectations.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Anxiety Levels Among Women Undergoing Mammogram Screening
  Wedad M. Almutairi, Salwa Hassan Alzahrani
  Current Oncology.2025; 32(3): 160.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of the psychometric properties of the perceived barriers of mammography scale
  Shayesteh Shirzadi, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mahnaz M. Harrison, Hamid Allahverdipour
  Health Care for Women International.2024; 45(6): 621.     CrossRef
• Overcoming obstacles to mammography screening: Examining the role of offline healthcare barriers and online patient–provider communication
  Yuyuan Kylie Lai, Jizhou Francis Ye, Song Harris Ao, Xinshu Zhao
  Journal of Health Psychology.2024; 29(5): 452.     CrossRef
• Exploring the practice of Iranian adolescent females during menstruation and related beliefs: a qualitative study
  Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Abbas Ebadi, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh, Shayesteh Shirzadi
  BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk perception regarding social determinants of health among women with breast cancer in Iran: a qualitative study
  Arezou Ashari, Neda SoleimanvandiAzar, Marzieh Nojomi, Hadi Ranjbar, Kamran Mirzaei, Nahid Nafissi, Mahshid Roohravan Benis, Zahra Rampisheh
  BMJ Open.2024; 14(8): e081839.     CrossRef
• Need assessment for the content of educational programs about breast cancer from the viewpoint of unaffected women
  Sadaf Alipour, Marzieh Orouji, Yas Eskandari, Amirhossein Eskandari
  BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Acceptability and compliance with a breast cancer prevention campaign in the Northwest Region, Iran
  Saeed Dastgiri, Geertruida H de Bock, Zohreh Sanaat, Mahnaz Ranjkesh, Zhila Abbasi, Pooneh Jabbaripour, Shima Pashaie, Soheila Poorsaberi, Roya Dolatkhah
  Breast Cancer Management.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Qualitative factors influencing breast and cervical cancer screening in women: A scoping review
  Jerrald Lau, Pami Shrestha, Janelle Shaina Ng, Gretel Jianlin Wong, Helena Legido-Quigley, Ker-Kan Tan
  Preventive Medicine Reports.2022; 27: 101816.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Screening Mammogram Uptake among Women Attending an Urban University Primary Care Clinic in Malaysia
  Nasturah Abdullah, Noorhida Baharudin, Mariam Mohamad, Mohamed-Syarif Mohamed-Yassin
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 6103.     CrossRef
• Breast Cancer in Asia: Incidence, Mortality, Early Detection, Mammography Programs, and Risk-Based Screening Initiatives
  Yu Xian Lim, Zi Lin Lim, Peh Joo Ho, Jingmei Li
  Cancers.2022; 14(17): 4218.     CrossRef
• Barriers to women’s breast cancer screening behaviors in several countries: A meta-synthesis study
  İlknur Özkan, Seçil Taylan
  Health Care for Women International.2021; 42(7-9): 1013.     CrossRef
• Beliefs, fear and awareness of women about breast cancer: Effects on mammography screening practices
  Lida Emami, Akram Ghahramanian, Azad Rahmani, Ahmad Mirza Aghazadeh, Tonia C. Onyeka, Amirreza Nabighadim
  Nursing Open.2021; 8(2): 890.     CrossRef
• A systematic review of decision aids for mammography screening: Focus on outcomes and characteristics
  Marzieh Esmaeili, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Zohreh Javanmard, Sharareh R. Niakan Kalhori
  International Journal of Medical Informatics.2021; 149: 104406.     CrossRef
• Breast cancer screening behavior and its associated factors in female employees in South Khorasan
  Zoya Tahergorabi, Mahyar Mohammadifard, Fatemeh Salmani, Mitra Moodi
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fear of negative appearance evaluation and attitude towards mammography: Moderating role of internal health locus of control,cancer worry and age
  Saeed Pahlevan Sharif, Ashraf Sadat Ahadzadeh, Fon Sim Ong, Navaz Naghavi
  Health Promotion Perspectives.2020; 10(3): 220.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting mammography screening behaviour among rural Vietnamese women
  Linh Thuy Duong, Hui‐Mei Chen, Chieh‐Yu Liu, Piao‐Yi Chiou
  European Journal of Cancer Care.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

• Perceived Barriers and Awareness of Mammography Screening Among Saudi Women Attending Primary Health Centers

  
  Doaa M Abdel-Salam, Rehab A Mohamed, Hind Y Alyousef, Wahaj A Almasoud, Mashael B Alanzi, Atheer Z Mubarak, Doaa M Osman
  Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2020; Volume 13: 2553.     CrossRef

Mammary Paget’s disease is clinically defined as skin inflammation of the nipple area and is an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis of the nipple. The pathogenesis of mammary Paget’s disease is relatively unknown; nonetheless, there are two popular theories that support the underlying carcinoma and de novo carcinogenesis. For the attending medical practitioner, mammary Paget’s disease poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, especially in the absence of a clinically palpable breast mass. We report a rare case of a 48-year-old Malay woman who presented at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia with the symptom of skin erosion on the left nipple and unresponsiveness to multiple topical treatments. A full evaluation and assessment of the patient were conducted, and mammary Paget’s disease was diagnosed.

Citations

• Diagnostic imaging challenges of mammary Paget's disease presenting with subtle clinical and imaging features: A case report
  Sawitri Darmiati, Andre Elton Heryanto, Primariadewi Rustamadji
  Radiology Case Reports.2025; 20(4): 1925.     CrossRef
• Dermatologic diseases of the breast, areola and nipple
  Jenny Deluca, Maria Pichler, Elga Bataraga, Mario Puviani, Klaus Eisendle
  JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft.2025; 23(5): 621.     CrossRef
• Mammary Paget’s disease in a young woman: A rare occurrence
  Chaimae Abourak, Aya Laridi, Ouafaa Chahboune, Siham Oukassem, Asmae Guennouni, Soukaina Bahha, Lina Belkouchi, Nazik Allali, Latifa Chat, Siham El Haddad
  Radiology Case Reports.2025; 20(8): 3733.     CrossRef
• Dermatologische Erkrankungen von Brust, Areola mammae und der Mamille
  Jenny Deluca, Maria Pichler, Elga Bataraga, Mario Puviani, Klaus Eisendle
  JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft.2025; 23(5): 621.     CrossRef
• Mammary Paget’s Disease of the Nipple: A Case Report
  Loubna Slama, Hafsa Taheri, Nadir Miry, Amal Bennani, Zainab Chatbi, Ibtissam Bellajdel, Hanane Saadi, Ahmed Mimouni
  Case Reports in Oncology.2025; 18(1): 780.     CrossRef
• Paget's disease of the breast: Presentation, treatment, and outcomes in a modern cohort
  Dorsa Mousa-Doust, Rebecca Warburton, Jin-Si Pao, Carol Dingee, Amy Bazzarelli, Jieun Newman-Bremang, Elaine McKevitt
  The American Journal of Surgery.2024; 231: 18.     CrossRef
• A revised modified LICAP flap as a novel oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery technique for Mammary Paget’s disease
  Timothy Nario, Joseph Do Woong Choi, Sara Wu, Thomas Oh, Jeremy Hsu
  Surgery Case Reports.2024; 2: 100020.     CrossRef
• Mammary Paget's Disease Mimicking Benign and Malignant Dermatological Conditions: Clinical Challenges and Diagnostic Considerations
  Renee Scott-Emuakpor, Setareh Reza-Soltani, Sana Altaf, Kaushik NR, Faustyna Kołodziej, Susana Sil-Zavaleta, Monica Nalla, Muhammad Naqib Ullah, Maha R Qureshi, Yasmin Ahmadi, Ali Rezvani, Humza F Siddiqui
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Paget disease of the breast: An often-overlooked malignancy
  Cherie M Kuzmiak, Romuald Ferre
  Breast Disease.2024; 43(1): 293.     CrossRef
• An Overview of Clinical Manifestations of Dermatological Disorders in Intensive Care Units: What Should Intensivists Be Aware of?
  Ali Al Bshabshe, Wesam F. Mousa, Nashwa Nor El-Dein
  Diagnostics.2023; 13(7): 1290.     CrossRef
• Mammary Paget’s Disease of Young Females: Case Reports and Comparison With Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients
  Chun-yan Lv, Xian-kui Cheng, Zhong-Yue Guo, Li Liu, Jian Cai, Tao Lei, Yan Tang
  Clinical Pathology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Descripción de un caso de adenomatosis erosiva del pezón: tratamiento quirúrgico
  Marcelo Chávez Díaz, Gonzalo Ziegler Rodríguez, Jaime Montes Gil
  Revista de Senología y Patología Mamaria.2023; 36(4): 100526.     CrossRef
• Mammary Paget’s Disease: An Update
  Sione Markarian, Dennis R. Holmes
  Cancers.2022; 14(10): 2422.     CrossRef
• An unusual case of longstanding mammary Paget disease presenting with reticulated skin changes
  S. K. Dhariwal, E. Rytina, J. C. Sterling
  Clinical and Experimental Dermatology.2021; 46(4): 748.     CrossRef

• Erosive Adenomatosis of the Nipple: A Clinical Diagnostic Challenge

  
  Shuni Ying, Hong Fang, Jianjun Qiao
  Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology.2020; Volume 13: 587.     CrossRef

Citations

• Temporal Trend in Uptake of the National General Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Program among Korean Women with Breast Cancer
  Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Chihwan Cha, Boyoung Park
  Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 522.     CrossRef
• Screening Adherence for Second Primary Malignancies in Breast Cancer Survivors: Behaviors, Facilitators, and Barriers to Enhance Quality Care
  Fernanda Mesa-Chavez, Misael Salazar-Alejo, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
  Seminars in Oncology.2024; 51(5-6): 156.     CrossRef
• RESEARCH ON THE IMPROVED IMAGE TRACKING ALGORITHM OF ATHLETES’ CERVICAL HEALTH
  Jingjing Jiang
  Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte.2021; 27(5): 476.     CrossRef
• Basic Findings Regarding Breast Cancer in Korea in 2015: Data from a Breast Cancer Registry
  Sang Yull Kang, Yoo Seok Kim, Zisun Kim, Hyun-Yul Kim, Se Kyung Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyun Jo Youn
  Journal of Breast Cancer.2018; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef