Background
Intravenous (IV) iron therapy is performed in community practices and hospitals with modern formulations when oral administration becomes impractical. Effective replacement of iron is important for the treatment of iron deficiency and anemia. Can IV iron be rechallenged in individuals with a history of adverse reactions? This review is to explore the challenge of this, when clinically indicated.
Methods
After performing a literature search, five studies (combined total sample number=1,006) for re-exposure of IV iron to individuals with a history of past reactions were identified, observed, and analyzed. Re-exposure included reactions ranging from mild to moderate and few cases of severe type.
Results
The majority (>80%) of IV iron rechallenges were tolerable, safe, and successful without major serious incidents. There were no reports of major reactions (severe hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis) in these re-exposures.
Conclusion
Re-administration of IV iron therapy in patients with a previous adverse reaction is plausible, with benefit and risk stratification. A rechallenge would depend on the nature and degree of the adverse reaction and use of alternative formulations. Rechallenge to a previous severe hypersensitivity reaction or anaphylaxis with the same product has not been reported in these studies. Evidence on the benefit of premedication use is conflicting and requires further studies.

Citations

• The experiences of ferric carboxymaltose desensitization and provocation
  Fatma Dindar Çelik, Kurtuluş Aksu, Özgür Akkale, Hatice Çelik Tuğlu, Melis Yağdıran, Onur Telli, Gürgün Tuğçe Vural Solak, Enes Çelik
  World Allergy Organization Journal.2025; 18(2): 101025.     CrossRef
• Intravenous Iron Versus Oral Iron Administration for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Patient-Preference Study
  Ranya Ghamri, Hadeel Alsulami
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

An increasing number of studies are using healthcare claims databases to assess healthcare intervention utilization patterns or outcomes in real-world clinical settings. However, methodological issues affecting study design or data analysis can make conducting and reporting these types of studies difficult. This review presents an overview of the types of information contained in claims data, describes some advantages and limitations of using claims data for research purposes, and outlines steps for utilizing the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment and National Health Insurance Service databases. The study also reviews epidemiological approaches utilizing healthcare claims databases (including cross-sectional, case-control, case-crossover, and cohort designs) with respect to protocol development, analysis, and reporting of results, and introduces relevant guidelines and checklists, including the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool.

Citations

• Age‐ and Sex‐Specific Incidence Trends of Eating Disorders in South Korea: Insights From a Decade of National Health Insurance Data (2012–2021)
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  International Journal of Eating Disorders.2026; 59(5): 996.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Aspirin in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Intermediate Stroke Risk
  Susin Park, Nam Kyung Je
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• Herbal medicine evaluation for reimbursement-based post-stroke sequelae (HERB-PSS): a retrospective analysis using Korean health insurance claim data, 2020–2024
  Soo-Dam Kim, Man Young Park, Jiyun Cha, Changsop Yang, Eunbyul Cho, Sungha Kim
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders among professional military personnel in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide cohort study
  Yangwoo Kim, Kyungho Ju, Inah Kim, Jeehee Min, Jaechul Song, Tae-Won Jang
  BMJ Military Health.2026; : military-2026-003254.     CrossRef
• Risk of avascular necrosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Insights from a nationwide cohort study and the impact of corticosteroid use
  Jung Min Moon, Kyoung-Eun Kwon, Ju Won Lee, Kyung Rok Minn, Kyuwon Kim, Jeongkuk Seo, Seung Yong Shin, Sun-Young Jung, Chang Hwan Choi
  Digestive and Liver Disease.2025; 57(1): 176.     CrossRef
• Utilization of Acid Suppressants After Withdrawal of Ranitidine in Korea: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
  Jeong Pil Choi, Sangwan Kim, Jung Su Park, Mi-Sook Kim, Nam-Kyong Choi, Cheol Min Shin, Joongyub Lee
  Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(1): 21.     CrossRef
• Leveraging National Health Insurance Service Data for Public Health Research in Korea: Structure, Applications, and Future Directions
  Seung-Ji Lim, Sung-In Jang
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Elevated Fracture Risks in Patients Using Inhaled Corticosteroids: A Korean Nationwide Study
  Sung Hye Kong, Ae Jeong Jo, Chan Mi Park, Kyun Ik Park, Ji Eun Yun, Jung Hee Kim
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 82.     CrossRef
• Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events following targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a real-world analysis stratified by cardiovascular risk
  Seung-Hun You, Soo-Kyung Cho, Jeong-Yeon Kim, Yeo-Jin Song, Sun-Young Jung, Yoon-Kyoung Sung
  Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism.2025; 73: 152721.     CrossRef
• Association of Korean Medicine and polypharmacy with fall risk and mortality in older adults with stroke
  Ye-Seul Lee, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Jin Pyeong Jeon, Han-Gyul Lee, Seungwon Kwon, Woo-Sang Jung
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• Association between corticosteroid use and fracture risk in children with asthma: A nationwide cohort study
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  Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• First-year oral antidiabetic adherence and long-term complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
  Nam Hoon Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Jihyun Kim, Kyoung-Eun Kwon, Sin Gon Kim, Dae Jung Kim
  Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 227: 112405.     CrossRef
• Increased Risk of Hematologic Malignancy in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis in Relation to the Use of Systemic Immunosuppressants: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
  Yu Ri Woo, Kyunghee Chae, Seowon Song, Subin Lee, Yu Jin Lee, Hoon Kang, Sukil Kim, Jung Eun Kim
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• Acupuncture Needles and the Risk of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective National Cohort Study
  Ye-Seul Lee, Yucheol Lim, Jiyoon Yeo
  Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Risk of clinically significant cardiovascular disease associated with postoperative radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy: A Korean nationwide cohort study
  Jeanny Kwon, Byoung Hyuck Kim
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• Long-term toxicities after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with or without total body irradiation: a population-based study in Korea
  Jeanny Kwon, Byoung Hyuck Kim
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• COVID-19 Vaccine–Associated Uveitis in Patients With a History of Uveitis
  Jiyeong Kim, Hyeon Yoon Kwon, Seong Joon Ahn
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• The incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study
  Eun Hye Jung, Geun Young Moon
  Medicine.2024; 103(19): e38080.     CrossRef
• Target trial emulation of carfilzomib safety among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma using a nationwide observational data in Korea
  Hyun Kyung Lee, Ha Young Jang, In-Wha Kim, Jung Mi Oh
  Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Integrated Real-World Data Warehouses Across 7 Evolving Asian Health Care Systems: Scoping Review
  Wen-Yi Shau, Handoko Santoso, Vincent Jip, Sajita Setia
  Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e56686.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy in Women With Acute Cystitis Visiting Outpatient Clinic in South Korea
  Song Hyeon Jeon, Taeyeon Kim, Nam Kyung Jeon
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• Nationwide Analysis of Antimicrobial Prescription in Korean Hospitals between 2018 and 2021: The 2023 KONAS Report
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• Trajectories of disease severity and their clinical outcome in real-world patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
  Seung-Hun You, Eun Jin Jang, Soo-Kyung Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Sung, Sun-Young Jung
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• Association between long COVID and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use by patients with acute-phase COVID-19: A nationwide Korea National Health Insurance Service cohort study
  Ye-Seul Lee, Heejun Kim, Sunoh Kwon, Tae-Hun Kim, Seth Kwabena Amponsah
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(11): e0312530.     CrossRef
• Effect of choline alfoscerate in older adult patients with dementia: an observational study from the claims data of national health insurance
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• Review of the research databases on population-based Registries of Unified electronic Healthcare system of Kazakhstan (UNEHS): Possibilities and limitations for epidemiological research and Real-World Evidence
  Arnur Gusmanov, Gulnur Zhakhina, Sauran Yerdessov, Yesbolat Sakko, Kamilla Mussina, Aidar Alimbayev, Dmitriy Syssoyev, Antonio Sarria-Santamera, Abduzhappar Gaipov
  International Journal of Medical Informatics.2023; 170: 104950.     CrossRef
• Ambient air pollution and the risk of neurological diseases in residential areas near multi-purposed industrial complexes of korea: A population-based cohort study
  Ji Yoon Choi, Sung Yeon Kim, Taekyu Kim, Chulwoo Lee, Suejin Kim, Hyen-mi Chung
  Environmental Research.2023; 219: 115058.     CrossRef
• A population-based study on the risk of prescription opioid abuse in patients with chronic opioid use and cost-effectiveness of prescription drug monitoring program using a patient simulation model in South Korea
  Siin Kim, Hae Sun Suh
  International Journal of Drug Policy.2023; 112: 103953.     CrossRef
• Epidemiology and comorbidity of hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea for 17 years: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
  Jong Won Lee, Yeon‐Woo Heo, Ji Hae Lee, Solam Lee
  The Journal of Dermatology.2023; 50(6): 778.     CrossRef
• Utilization of triple antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
  Hye-Jeong Choi, Yonghyuk Lee, Susin Park, Nam Kyung Je
  European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2023; 79(4): 541.     CrossRef
• Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors increase the risk of bullous pemphigoid in older patients with diabetes: A retrospective analysis using the Korean National Health Insurance Database
  H. Kang, E. B. Lee, S. Lee, T. ‐H. Go, J. Y. Lee, S. ‐H. Lee, S. A. Song, H. K. Lim, S. ‐P. Hong
  Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence and incidence of vitiligo and associated comorbidities: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
  Hyun Kang, Solam Lee
  Clinical and Experimental Dermatology.2023; 48(5): 484.     CrossRef
• Epidemiology of Second Non-breast Primary Cancers among Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Korean Population–Based Study by the SMARTSHIP Group
  Haeyoung Kim, Su SSan Kim, Ji Sung Lee, Jae Sun Yoon, Hyun Jo Youn, Hyukjai Shin, Jeong Eon Lee, Se Kyung Lee, Il Yong Chung, So-Youn Jung, Young Jin Choi, Jihyoung Cho, Sang Uk Woo
  Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 580.     CrossRef
• Survival differences between patients with de novo and relapsed/progressed advanced non-small cell lung cancer without epidermal growth factor receptor mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements
  Byeong-Chan Oh, Ae-Ryeo Cho, Jin Hyun Nam, So-Young Yang, Min Ji Kim, Sun-Hong Kwon, Eui-Kyung Lee
  BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutrition Therapy by Nutrition Support Team: A Comparison of Multi-Chamber Bag and Customized Parenteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Patients
  Seunghyun Cheon, Sang-Hyeon Oh, Jung-Tae Kim, Han-Gon Choi, Hyojung Park, Jee-Eun Chung
  Nutrients.2023; 15(11): 2531.     CrossRef
• Risk of Lymphedema and Death after Lymph Node Dissection with Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatments in Patients with Breast Cancer: An Eight-Year Nationwide Cohort Study
  Ye-Seul Lee, Yu-Cheol Lim, Jiyoon Yeo, Song-Yi Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
  Healthcare.2023; 11(13): 1833.     CrossRef
• Association of Socioeconomic Status With Long-Term Outcome in Survivors After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study
  Kyung Hun Yoo, Yongil Cho, Jaehoon Oh, Juncheol Lee, Byuk Sung Ko, Hyunggoo Kang, Tae Ho Lim, Sang Hwan Lee
  JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2023; 9: e47156.     CrossRef
• Occupational characteristics and risk factors associated with endometriosis among Korean female workers
  Seunghyun Lee, Seung-Yeon Lee, Wanhyung Lee, Federico Romano
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0292362.     CrossRef
• Is Thyroid Dysfunction Associated with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms? A Population-Based, Nested Case–Control Study from Korea
  Hyeree Park, Sun Wook Cho, Sung Ho Lee, Kangmin Kim, Hyun-Seung Kang, Jeong Eun Kim, Aesun Shin, Won-Sang Cho
  Thyroid®.2023; 33(12): 1483.     CrossRef
• Risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cerebrovascular disease with the use of valsartan, losartan, irbesartan, and telmisartan in patients
  Yung-Geun Yoo, Min-Jung Lim, Jin-Seob Kim, Han-Eol Jeong, HeeJoo Ko, Ju-Young Shin
  Medicine.2023; 102(46): e36098.     CrossRef
• Association between subconjunctival hemorrhage and hemorrhagic disorders: a nationwide population-based study
  In Hwan Hong, Bum-Joo Cho, Se Hyun Choi
  Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Potentially Inappropriate Gastrointestinal Medication for Patients with the Common Cold
  Minjeong Kim, Nam Kyung Je
  Research in Clinical Pharmacy.2023; 1(2): 100.     CrossRef
• Underutilization of anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the era of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
  Susin Park, Nam Kyung Je
  International Journal of Arrhythmia.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk Factors for Obesity in Five-Year-Old Children: Based on Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Data
  Mi Jin Choi, Hyunju Kang, Jimi Choi
  Children.2022; 9(3): 314.     CrossRef
• Risk and Risk Factors for Postpartum Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
  Mi Jin Choi, Jimi Choi, Chae Weon Chung
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(1): 112.     CrossRef
• Incident and recurrent herpes zoster for first-line bDMARD and tsDMARD users in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients: a nationwide cohort study
  Seogsong Jeong, Seulggie Choi, Sang Min Park, Jinseok Kim, Byeongzu Ghang, Eun Young Lee
  Arthritis Research & Therapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women
  Kyoung Jin Kim, Namki Hong, Min Heui Yu, Seunghyun Lee, Sungjae Shin, Sin Gon Kim, Yumie Rhee
  Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between antibiotics and dementia risk: A retrospective cohort study
  Minseo Kim, Sun Jae Park, Seulggie Choi, Jooyoung Chang, Sung Min Kim, Seogsong Jeong, Young Jun Park, Gyeongsil Lee, Joung Sik Son, Joseph C. Ahn, Sang Min Park
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Age at menopause and risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study
  Jean Shin, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Hyo Jin Park, Wonsock Kim, Youn Huh, Yang-Hyun Kim, Do-Hoon Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Youn Seon Choi, Kyung Hwan Cho, Ga Eun Nam
  European Heart Journal.2022; 43(40): 4148.     CrossRef
• Associations between Cardiovascular Outcomes and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
  Seonyoung Kang, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yeonghee Eun, In Young Kim, Jiwon Hwang, Eun-Mi Koh, Seulkee Lee, Hoon-Suk Cha, Hyungjin Kim, Jaejoon Lee
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(22): 6812.     CrossRef
• Characterizing tramadol users with potentially inappropriate co-medications: A latent class analysis among older adults
  Bo Ram Yang, Hye-Yeon Um, Min Taek Lee, Myo Song Kim, Sun-Young Jung, Satya Surbhi
  PLOS ONE.2021; 16(2): e0246426.     CrossRef
• Uptake of Biosimilars and Its Economic Implication for the Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea
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  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of first, second, and third-line bDMARDs and tsDMARD with drug survival among seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients: Cohort study in A real world setting
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  Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism.2021; 51(4): 685.     CrossRef
• Age- and sex-specific risk of urogenital infections in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: A population-based self-controlled case-series study
  Minkyong Kang, Kyu-Nam Heo, Young-Mi Ah, Bo Ram Yang, Ju-Yeun Lee
  Maturitas.2021; 150: 30.     CrossRef
• Prediction of the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in health screening examinees: a Korean cohort study
  Chansik An, Jong Won Choi, Hyung Soon Lee, Hyunsun Lim, Seok Jong Ryu, Jung Hyun Chang, Hyun Cheol Oh
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• Trends and risk factors in severe hypoglycemia among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Korea
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  Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 178: 108946.     CrossRef
• Risk of Neuropsychiatric Diseases According to the Use of a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Asthma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using Health Claims Data in Korea
  Ji-Su Shim, Min-Hye Kim, Min-Ho Kim, Young-Joo Cho, Eun Mi Chun
  The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice.2021; 9(12): 4290.     CrossRef
• Potential intrinsic subtype dependence on the association between metformin use and survival in surgically resected breast cancer: a Korean national population-based study
  Byoung Hyuck Kim, Moon-June Cho, Jeanny Kwon
  International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2021; 26(11): 2004.     CrossRef
• Estimation of Years Lived with Disability Using a Prevalence-Based Approach: Application to Major Psychiatric Disease in Korea
  Chae-Bong Kim, Minsu Ock, Yoon-Sun Jung, Ki-Beom Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Keun-A Kim, Seok-Jun Yoon
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(17): 9056.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing the Selection of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation
  Susin Park, Nam Kyung Je
  Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics.2021; 26(6): 656.     CrossRef
• Association between antibiotics use and diabetes incidence in a nationally representative retrospective cohort among Koreans
  Sun Jae Park, Young Jun Park, Jooyoung Chang, Seulggie Choi, Gyeongsil Lee, Joung Sik Son, Kyae Hyung Kim, Yun Hwan Oh, Sang Min Park
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  Jung Myung Lee, Seung Min Kathy Lee, Jungtae Leem, Jin-Bae Kim, Jimin Park, Jun Hyeong Park, Suji Lee, Hyung Oh Kim, Hyemoon Chung, Jong Shin Woo, Woo-Shik Kim, Sanghoon Lee, Weon Kim
  Medicina.2021; 58(1): 41.     CrossRef
• Data Configuration and Publication Trends for the Korean National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Database
  Hae Kyung Kim, Sun Ok Song, Junghyun Noh, In-Kyung Jeong, Byung-Wan Lee
  Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(5): 671.     CrossRef

Background
Cadmium is a toxic element in cigarette smoke associated with ischemic vascular disease. Its association with cerebral aneurysm is unknown.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with headache who underwent imaging studies between March 2014 and August 2016. An unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) was confirmed by brain magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. A control group included age- and sexmatched patients without an UIA. Whole blood and random urine tests were used for detection of cadmium and arsenic levels, respectively. Student t-test was used to compare subject characteristics, mean cadmium and arsenic levels between groups, and differences between groups with small (<4-mm) and large (≥4-mm) UIAs. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for aneurysm incidence.
Results
Of 238 patients, 25 had an UIA. Those with an UIA had more pack-years of smoking (19.5±3.8 vs. 12.5±6.8, P=0.044) and higher mean serum cadmium levels (1.77±0.19 vs. 0.87±0.21 µg/L, P=0.027). Arsenic levels showed no difference between groups. (67.4±23.5 vs. 62.2±18.3 µg/L, P=0.458). There were no significantly different demographic, clinical, or laboratory characteristics between small and large aneurysm groups. According to multivariate analysis, smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.33; P=0.047) and serum cadmium >2.0 mcg/L (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.15–1.84; P=0.043) were associated with aneurysm incidence.
Conclusion
UIA incidence was associated with pack-years of smoking and serum cadmium level, but aneurysm size was not associated with serum cadmium level.

Citations

• Risk factors for saccular unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Maaike J A van Eldik, Mariam Ali, Stijn Rietkerken, Jan W Schoones, Sanne A E Peters, Hester M den Ruijter, Ynte M Ruigrok
  European Stroke Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of lifetime and current smoking exposure on the rupture status, number, and size of intracranial aneurysms
  Ramazan Jabbarli, Marvin Darkwah Oppong, Meltem Gümüs, Mehdi Chihi, Thiemo Florin Dinger, Laurèl Rauschenbach, Yahya Ahmadipour, Philipp Dammann, Yan Li, Nika Guberina, Karsten H. Wrede, Ulrich Sure
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2025; 254: 108924.     CrossRef
• Underreporting of Sex-Specific Findings in Risk Factors for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
  Maaike J.A. van Eldik, Mariam Ali, Stijn Rietkerken, Sanne A.E. Peters, Hester M. den Ruijter, Ynte M. Ruigrok
  Cerebrovascular Diseases.2025; 55(2): 302.     CrossRef
• Cigarette Smoking and Observed Growth of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
  Maria José Pachón-Londoño, Maged T. Ghoche, Brandon A. Nguyen, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Vita Olson, Devi P. Patra, Evelyn L. Turcotte, Zhen Wang, Brooke S. Halpin, Chandan Krishna, Ali Turkmani, Fredric B. Meyer, Bernard R. Bendok
  Stroke.2024; 55(10): 2420.     CrossRef
• Hemodynamic Analysis of Pipeline Embolization Device Stent for Treatment of Giant Intracranial Aneurysm under Unsupervised Learning Algorithm
  Haibin Gao, Wei You, Jian Lv, Youxiang Li, Le Sun
  Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
• Urinary cadmium and stroke - a case-cohort study in Danish never-smokers
  Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Clara G. Sears, James Harrington, Chanelle J. Howe, Katherine A. James, Nina Roswall, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Gregory A. Wellenius, Jaymie Meliker, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
  Environmental Research.2021; 200: 111394.     CrossRef
• Blood cadmium concentration and risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage
  Martin Söderholm, Yan Borné, Bo Hedblad, Margaretha Persson, Lars Barregard, Gunnar Engström
  Environmental Research.2020; 180: 108826.     CrossRef
• Chemical Composition and Microbial Contaminants of Poha Beer: A Local Nonalcoholic Beverage in the Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana
  Julius T. Dongdem, James Abugri, Clement A. Asakedola, Todd R. Callaway
  International Journal of Microbiology.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef

Citations

• Association between multiple metals mixture and diabetic retinopathy in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in China
  Shuren Ding, Yirong Xie, Feng Wang, Jieyi Liu, Hongya Li, Heng Su, Zhiqiang Zhao, Qing Wei, Shurong Pi, Fubin Chen, Qian Gu, Baixiang Xiao, Yun He
  Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mercury Exposure and Associations with Hyperlipidemia and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey
  Seungho Lee, Sung-Ran Cho, Inchul Jeong, Jae Bum Park, Mi-Yeon Shin, Sungkyoon Kim, Jin Hee Kim
  Toxics.2020; 8(3): 47.     CrossRef
• Blood mercury and liver enzymes: A pan-India retrospective correlation study
  Krishnakumar Sivapandi, Amruta Velumani, Kallathikumar Kallathiyan, Sandhya Iyer, Prachi Sinkar
  Toxicology and Industrial Health.2020; 36(12): 1019.     CrossRef
• The Cut-off Value of Blood Mercury Concentration in Relation to Insulin Resistance
  Seok-Hoon Lee, Beomhee Choi, Soo-Jung Park, Young-Sang Kim, Nam-Seok Joo
  Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2017; 26(3): 197.     CrossRef
• Association of maternal serum cadmium level during pregnancy with risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population
  Hua Wang, Lu Liu, Yong-Fang Hu, Jia-Hu Hao, Yuan-Hua Chen, Pu-Yu Su, Zhen Yu, Lin Fu, Fang-Biao Tao, De-Xiang Xu
  Environmental Pollution.2016; 216: 851.     CrossRef
• Maternal serum cadmium level during pregnancy and its association with small for gestational age infants: a population-based birth cohort study
  Hua Wang, Lu Liu, Yong-Fang Hu, Jia-Hu Hao, Yuan-Hua Chen, Pu-Yu Su, Lin Fu, Zhen Yu, Gui-Bin Zhang, Lei Wang, Fang-Biao Tao, De-Xiang Xu
  Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Cut-Off Values of Blood Mercury Concentration in Relation to Increased Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Koreans
  Suhyun Bae, Soo-Jung Park, Kyung-Jin Yeum, Beomhee Choi, Young-Sang Kim, Nam-Seok Joo
  Journal of Investigative Medicine.2016; 64(4): 867.     CrossRef

Background
: The harmfulness of smoking is well known, but the smoking rate of adult males in Korea is still high. Therefore, we wanted to find out the factors related to smoking cessation among patients who had been admitted to hospital and to make an effective smoking cessation program.

Methods : We reviewed the medical records of patients who had been admitted to the department of internal medicine or orthopedic surgery of an hospital from January 25, 2005 to June 15, 2005. We enrolled 104 male patients who were smokers and gave them telephone interviews. Among them, 74 patients answered (71.2%).

Results : Among the subjects, 10 patients quit smoking and 64 smoked continuously. Age, duration and amount of smoking, past experiences of smoking cessation were not significantly different between the two groups. The patients who were admitted to the department of internal medicine (P=0.047) and advised from doctors to quit smoking (P=0.010) showed a high smoking cessation rate. The patients who were advised by doctors showed a higher rate of planning for smoking cessation, even though they were still smoking (P=0.001).

Conclusion : For smoking cessation in admission patient's, doctor's advice to quit smoking was important.

In early May 2003, a small group of four, including three family physicians and a media person, visited various family medicine education and training facilities in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. This paper is a brief discussion of what knowledge and insight was gained during this trip.

Background
: Many patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus treated by insulin therapy were observed their blood sugar dropped even after meal. The ecology and treatment for this phenomenon was unknown. A clinical research making an approach to treat this phenomenon is inevitable.

Methods : 9 patients whose blood sugar dropped right after meal (from 15 minutes to 1 hour) were selected among 58 IDDM(Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus) patients admitted in Daejon Sungsim hospital from March 1999 to Feb. 2000. The subjects were consist of 6 female and 3 male, average age was 57.2. Blood samples were taken from their capillaries and measured by Super Glucocard Ⅱ glucometer. Insulin was injected 30 minutes before breakfast and 50% glucose 30 ml was taken orally 15 minutes after the insulin injection. Breakfast was taken 15 minutes after the glucose taken. Blood sugar was measured 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 120 minutes and 2 hours after a breakfast.

Results : Though average blood sugar dropped after breakfast was 44.5 ㎎/㎗, average blood sugar after taken 50% glucose 30 ml was 114.1 ㎎/㎗. 2 patients had good effect among 3 male patients and every 6 female patients had good effect.

Conclusion : Taking 50% glucose 30 ml in oral 15 minutes after insulin injection improved the IDDM patient's blood sugar drop right after meal.

Background
: Recently the Korean society has been challenged with the rapid growth of obese popuation due to the improved socioeconomic status and lifestyle changes over the past decades. Not only has obesity been known as one of major risk factors for various diseases including cardiovascular diseases(e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke) and diabetes mellitus, but it has also increased the death from obesity-related diseases. it has been required, however, to establish our own obesity criteria adjusted for Korean since much difference is expected to exist in the degree of obesity between white and Asian people. Therefore, this study was designed to provide with primary data to help establish new criteria through identifying the distribution of Body Mass Index(BMI), and then analyzing its relation with some obesity-related diseases.

Methods : This study calculated BMI and related it to some obesity-related diseases by analysing data from 1995 National Health Interview Surveys, in which a random sample of 5,750 Korean at the age of 15-69 had self-reported their heights, body weights and diagnoses with obesity-related diseases by physicians. Variables under consideration include potential risk factors (e.g. alcohol intakes, smoking, exercise, etc.) as well as demographics of the sample population.

Results : Average BMI(kg/M²) were 22.6±2.6 for male and 21.7±4.8 for female(mean±SD), which increased in direct proportion to the increase of age until the age reached the group of 40-59, and then followed by the inverse in its relation with the age at 60 and over. It was revealed, however, that prevalences of obesity-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus etc. were the highest among the population group with their BMI of 23.8~35.6. In short, this study identified the proportional relation of BMI with the prevalence of obesity-related diseases.

Conclusion : In this study, the prevalence for hypertension and diabetes mellitus was shown to be higher than the average among population with their BMI of 21.9~23.8, whose figure is much lower than both 26.4, the value of the 90th percentile proposed in MONICA project and 25, the current WHO criteria of obesity. However, a Japanese study reported that the health risk began to increase at the BMI of 23 with risks for obesity-related diseases dramatically increased at the BMI of 26-27 and over, and concluded that because Asian has more body fats accumulated within the upper body part compared with the white, the Asian persons are more obese, though less in terms of BMI, than the white. Therefore, future works should be focused on establishing our own criteria for obesity with health risks through determining the association of BMI with prevalence of various diseases in Korea.