Korean Journal of Family Medicine

"Meal"

Original Articles

Association of Types of Meal Skipping with Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors in Korean Adults: The 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018): Jiyoon Tae, Junhee Park, Hyeonjin Cho, Dong Wook Shin; Korean J Fam Med 2024;45(5):290-298. Published online April 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0158

Abstract
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Background
This study aimed to examine the effects of different types of skipped meals on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in Korean adults.
Methods
We analyzed 14,062 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2016 and 2018. The irregularity of breakfast, lunch, and dinner consumption was assessed using 24-hour recall data, and we categorized the habit of skipping regular meals into eight types. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association between each type of meal skipping and the CMRF. We also presented the estimated effects of individual types of meal skipping on the CMRF based on their predicted values and mean differences.
Results
Korean adults tended to have irregular meal consumption habits when they had one or more of the following characteristics: female sex, under the age of 50 years, middle-high to high household income, high school or college or higher education levels, alcohol consumption, and current smoking. Compared to regular eaters, we have observed significantly higher total cholesterol in the following types of meal skipping: irregular breakfast (IB) (P<0.001), irregular lunch (P=0.005), irregular breakfast and lunch (IBL) (P=0.001), irregular breakfast and dinner (P=0.001); higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in IB (P=0.009); higher triglyceride in IB (P=0.005) and IBL (P=0.034); and higher fasting glucose in IB (P=0.046).
Conclusion
Different types of meal skipping were associated with CMRF. Regular breakfast and lunch consumption should be emphasized to prevent and manage cardiometabolic disorders. However, skipping dinner showed no significant association with CMRF.

Citations

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Associations between Meal Regularity and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Risk in Korean Adults
Soo Jin Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2026; 55(6): 559. CrossRef
A Biochemical View on Intermittent Fasting’s Effects on Human Physiology—Not Always a Beneficial Strategy
Willian F. Zambuzzi, Marcel Rodrigues Ferreira, Zifan Wang, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
Biology.2025; 14(6): 669. CrossRef
Past Meal-Skipping Habits Associate With Physical Frailty in Later Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Chiharu Nishijima, Kenji Harada, Satoshi Kurita, Masanori Morikawa, Kazuya Fujii, Daisuke Kakita, Hiroyuki Shimada
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2025; 26(12): 105893. CrossRef
Primary Care Physicians’ Important Role: Lifestyle Modification for Chronic Disease Management
Su-Min Jeong
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(5): 237. CrossRef

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Short-term Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level after Body Fat Reduction via Partial Meal Replacement: Nam-Kyu Kim, Min-Ah Jung, Seok-Hoon Lee, Nam-Seok Joo; Korean J Fam Med 2023;44(1):58-63. Published online January 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.22.0131

Abstract
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Background
Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels change during body weight reduction. However, the changes that occur during short-term body weight control interventions remain controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in TSH levels according to body fat reduction.
Methods
We performed a 3-month intervention study involving partial meal replacement. Forty-nine participants completed the study. Correlations between changes in TSH levels and other body composition parameters were determined. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their body fat reduction (>1 kg, n=20; <1 kg, n=29). The changes in metabolic parameters, including TSH levels, were compared. For significant values, a multivariate analysis was performed after adjustment to evaluate the relationship between TSH changes and body fat reduction.
Results
The 3-month intervention caused favorable changes in body proportions and metabolic parameters. TSH levels changed significantly only after changes in total body fat, showing a partial correlation. Changes in TSH levels were significantly different between groups (P=0.014). Moreover, the change in TSH levels was significantly different after adjustment (P=0.012).
Conclusion
A body fat reduction, especially >1 kg, can reduce serum TSH concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome after short-term body weight intervention.

Citations

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Assessing baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients with severe obesity undergoing preoperative metabolic bariatric surgery: A cross-sectional study
Alkadi Azzam
Sanamed.2026; (00): 62. CrossRef
The impact of weight loss interventions on thyroid function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sandeep Samethadka Nayak, Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi, Masum Patel, Nimra Shafi, Pubali Biswas, Sepide Javankiani, Padmavathi Jaladi, Sanjana B. Patil, Rahiq Rashid, Ehsan Amini-Salehi, Daniyal Ameen, Khushbu Viresh Janani, Anil Kumar Jonnalagadda, Kwame Boat
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(7): 4484. CrossRef

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Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status in Young and Middle-Aged Adults according to the Meal Frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Survey: Junhee Park, Yohwan Yeo, Jun Hyun Yoo; Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(5):319-326. Published online September 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0149

Background
Previous studies have shown a close relationship between skipping breakfast and nutritional deficiency. However, the impact of regular eating, including lunch and dinner, has not been studied well. We explored the correlation between regularity and frequency of daily meals and nutritional status.
Methods
We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2016 and 2018. A total of 7,725 adults aged 19–49 years were classified into four groups according to the regularity of meal intake: three-meal regular diet (3MRD), two-meal regular diet, one-meal regular diet, and irregular diet (IRD). Food and nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method and estimated by a generalized linear model in complex sample weight variables.
Results
In IRD, there were relatively more females who were not married, lived alone, or reported low levels of education. As subjects ate more meals, more people felt thinner and healthier by themselves. Dietary intake of cereal, vegetables, seaweed, and fiber was directly proportional to the number of regular meals as well as essential components such as water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and micronutrients. Contrarily, alcohol and beverage consumption was inversely proportional to the number of regular meals. Intake level of legumes, fish, fruits, seasonings, milk, oils, sugars, and cholesterol was consistent regardless of meal frequency.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that 3MRD showed nutrient adequacy and a healthier profile on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Citations

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Associations of Temporal Eating Patterns with Nutrient Intake Variability and Diet Quality Among Japanese Female Mobile Application Users
Ariko Umezawa, Noriko Sato, Hiiro Terasaki, Yu Tahara, Shigenobu Shibata
Nutrients.2026; 18(6): 957. CrossRef
Associations between Meal Regularity and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Risk in Korean Adults
Soo Jin Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2026; 55(6): 559. CrossRef
Social media as a self-reported source of weight-loss information: a cross-sectional comparison with traditional sources among Arab young adults
Mo’ath F. Bataineh, Rubina Sabir, Ali M. Al-Nawaiseh, Hafiz M. Shahbaz, Amjad H. Jarrar, Habiba I. Ali, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Eating patterns in Korean adults, 1998–2018: increased energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in main meals and snacks
Sukyoung Jung, Jee Young Kim, Sohyun Park
European Journal of Nutrition.2024; 63(1): 279. CrossRef
Analysis of dietary behavior and intake related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or older in Korea: Utilizing the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021)
Jin-Ah Seok, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Nutrition Research and Practice.2024; 18(2): 239. CrossRef
Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278. CrossRef
A national cross-sectional study on breakfast skipping-related factors and comparison of nutritional status according to breakfast skipping in older adults based on the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020)
Anna Han, Yean Jung Choi
The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2024; 28(9): 100335. CrossRef
The Association between Personality Factors and Metabolic Parameters among Patients with Non-Alcoholic-Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Cross-Sectional Study
Marcin Kosmalski, Rafał Frankowski, Monika Różycka-Kosmalska, Kasper Sipowicz, Tadeusz Pietras, Łukasz Mokros
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4468. CrossRef
Nutrition fact label (NFL) use is related to meeting the requirements for vitamins and minerals not listed on NFLs: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey VIII (2019–2021) for the prepandemic and pandemic periods
Jung Min Cho, Niravkumar Joshi
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(12): e0296268. CrossRef
Association between Prediabetes and Meal Patterns Related to Meal Sharing among Korean Young Adults: Eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2019–2020
Saebom Kim, Sehee Kim, Youngmin Kim, Seonmi Seo, Yu Jin Chung, Sam Cheol Kim
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(3): 179. CrossRef
Meal Frequency, Metabolic Health, and Social Norms
Young Gyu Cho
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(5): 275. CrossRef

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Association of Eating Alone with Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation among Korean Adults: Joonyoung Park, Gyeongsil Lee; Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(3):219-224. Published online May 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0128

Abstract
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Background
In recent years, eating dinner alone has become a rising social issue in Korea. Depression is one of the primary health problems that can lead to numerous negative consequences. However, few studies have focused on people who eat alone and the effect of eating alone on depression. We investigated the association between eating dinner alone and depression.
Methods
Our cross-sectional study included data from 14,093 Korean adults aged above 19 years old; data were sourced from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014, 2016, and 2018, when the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. We classified participants based on their dinner habits: eating alone or social eating. Depression and suicidal ideation among participants were measured using the PHQ-9. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether eating alone was related to depression or suicidal ideation after adjusting for age, sex, household income, education, alcohol, smoking, exercise, frequency of eating out, and living arrangement.
Results
Individuals who ate dinner alone (22.9%) had higher depression and suicidal ideation rates than those who ate with others. Those who ate alone had greater odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms (depression: OR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–1.58; suicidal ideation: OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.25–1.78) after adjustment for covariates. The subgroup analysis shows that the odds of suicidal ideation among individuals who eat alone were nonexistent among those who performed regular aerobic exercise.
Conclusion
Eating dinner alone is closely associated with depressive symptoms, particularly suicidal ideation. Therefore, providing opportunities to eat with others may be effective for maintaining the mental health of adults.

Citations

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The association of communal vs. solitary dining on nutritional intake and depression risk in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yingying Zhang, Yaqun Zhang, Jianzheng Cai, Weixia Yu, Ping Feng, Haifang Wang
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations Among Living Alone, Eating Alone, and Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Nationwide Study of South Korean Adults
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
Nutrients.2026; 18(14): 2379. CrossRef
İlkokul Sınıflarında Birlikte Yemek Yemenin Sosyal Bağlara Etkisi: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Hüseyin Köksal, Ayşen Başar Sağlam, Yakup Can Tayfur
Journal of Innovative Research in Social Studies.2026; 9(1): 16. CrossRef
A systematic review of solo dining research
Huiling Huang, Scarlett Sijia Feng, IpKin Anthony Wong
International Journal of Hospitality Management.2025; 130: 104226. CrossRef
The Impact of Social Activity Restrictions on Depression in Young Single-Person Households: The Moderating Effect of Eating Alone
Jiwon Kim, Youngye Park
Journal of Social Science.2025; 36(3): 27. CrossRef
Depressive symptoms among single-person households: roles of dietary habits and frequency of eating meals with others
Soyoung Lee, Hyewon Park, Chung Ho Kim, Bomi Park
SSM - Population Health.2025; 31: 101856. CrossRef
Ideação suicida e refeições em família entre estudantes de medicina
Marcelo Wüst, Thaís Caroline Guedes Lucini, Rogério Lessa Horta
Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo.2024; 16(6): e4590. CrossRef
Association of dietary behavior patterns of middle-aged and older adults with their obesity metabolic phenotype: a cross-sectional study
Fangfang Pu, Jialing Lin, Yaoyao Wei, Jingjing Li, Xinyi Liao, Lei Shi, Xianchun Zeng, Wen Hu
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Prediabetes and Meal Patterns Related to Meal Sharing among Korean Young Adults: Eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2019–2020
Saebom Kim, Sehee Kim, Youngmin Kim, Seonmi Seo, Yu Jin Chung, Sam Cheol Kim
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(3): 179. CrossRef
Association between Dining with Companions and Depression among Korean Adults
Hankyo Jung, Jin Ryu, Junhui Choi, Hyunkyu Kim, Euncheol Park
Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2834. CrossRef
Current status of health promotion in Korea
Soo Young Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776. CrossRef

8,168 View
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7 Web of Science
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The Association between Family Mealtime and Depression in Elderly Koreans: Yunhwa Kang, Soyeon Kang, Kyung Jung Kim, Hyunyoung Ko, Jinyoung Shin, Yun-Mi Song; Korean J Fam Med 2018;39(6):340-346. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.17.0060

Abstract
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Background
Several studies have revealed the frequency of family mealtimes to be inversely associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, there have been few studies in older populations. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between family mealtime frequency and depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans.
Methods
This study analyzed 4,959 elderly men and women (aged 65 years or older) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess depressive status, family mealtime frequency, and covariates. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association using the eating alone group as a reference.
Results
After adjusting for all covariates, participants who had family meals 3 times a day had fewer depressive symptoms than the eating alone group; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 0.72 (0.58– 0.89) for point depressiveness/anxiety and 0.73 (0.56–0.94) for depressiveness lasting for at least 2 weeks. In suicidal ideation, the OR (95% CI) of eating with family twice a day was significant after full adjusting for covariates at 0.67 (0.50–0.88).
Conclusion
Family mealtimes were closely associated with depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans, which suggests that maintaining intrafamilial bonding is important for mental health in an older population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The association of communal vs. solitary dining on nutritional intake and depression risk in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yingying Zhang, Yaqun Zhang, Jianzheng Cai, Weixia Yu, Ping Feng, Haifang Wang
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Ideação suicida e refeições em família entre estudantes de medicina
Marcelo Wüst, Thaís Caroline Guedes Lucini, Rogério Lessa Horta
Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo.2024; 16(6): e4590. CrossRef
The relationship between nutrition and depression in the life process: A mini-review
Gülseren Nur Ekinci, Nevin Sanlier
Experimental Gerontology.2023; 172: 112072. CrossRef
Longitudinal association between eating alone and deterioration in frailty status: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Junhee Park, Hyung Eun Shin, Miji Kim, Chang Won Won, Yun-Mi Song
Experimental Gerontology.2023; 172: 112078. CrossRef
Modeling suicidal ideation in Korean older adults based on their social relationships and mental health: a meta-analytic path analysis
Sin-Hyang Kim, Sihyun Park
Aging & Mental Health.2023; 27(11): 2193. CrossRef
Living and eating alone on depressive symptoms by physical frailty status: A cross-sectional study based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Ji Hyun Moon, Jung Sik Huh, Chang Won Won, Hyeon Ju Kim
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2022; 98: 104570. CrossRef
Association between eating alone and cardiovascular diseases in elderly women: a cross-sectional study of KNHANES 2016 data
Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Jin Kim, Seok-Jung Kang
Menopause.2022; 29(1): 82. CrossRef
Association between Healthy Eating Index and Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Based on Household Size in Korea
Ji-Myung Kim, EunJung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4692. CrossRef
Association between Dining with Companions and Depression among Korean Adults
Hankyo Jung, Jin Ryu, Junhui Choi, Hyunkyu Kim, Euncheol Park
Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2834. CrossRef
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Senile Depression and Research Progress of Intervention Model
志宏刘
Nursing Science.2022; 11(04): 598. CrossRef
Current status of health promotion in Korea
Soo Young Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776. CrossRef
Eating alone and depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population: The Furukawa nutrition and health study
Takako Miki, Masafumi Eguchi, Takeshi Kochi, Shamima Akter, Yosuke Inoue, Miwa Yamaguchi, Akiko Nanri, Rie Akamatsu, Isamu Kabe, Tetsuya Mizoue
Journal of Psychiatric Research.2021; 143: 492. CrossRef
Gender and age group differences in nutrition intake and dietary quality of Korean adults eating alone: based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 2013–2016
Yoonjin Ahn, Youngmi Lee, Haeryun Park, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(1): 66. CrossRef
Association between commensality with depression and suicidal ideation of Korean adults: the sixth and seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013, 2015, 2017
Yoon Hee Son, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park, So-Hee Park
Nutrition Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Association between the Eating Family Meal and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Using Data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012): Shin-Ae Park, Woo-Chul Park, Yu-Jin Kwon, Jae-Yong Shim; Korean J Fam Med 2017;38(3):130-134. Published online May 23, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.3.130

Abstract
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Background

Several studies have shown that family meals promote a well-balanced and healthier diet and weight status. Metabolic syndrome is related to eating behavior. This study investigated the association between eating family meals and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 4,529 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2007–2012). A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess dietary status. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the guidelines of the modified version of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. We compared the overall quality of dietary intake in family meal.

Results

Nutritional adequacy ratios for energy, protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin C, niacin, and potassium, and the mean adequacy ratio were significantly higher in the family meal group (P<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was lower in the family meal group (P<0.05). However, we observed no significant association between eating family meals and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that eating family meals appeared to be associated with nutrient adequacy. However, we observed no significant differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome between the 2 groups.

Citations

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Resource-based theory perspective in the textile industry: The impact of the digital supply chain on operational performance
Feng Men, Rana Muhammad Shahid Yaqub, Rui Yan, Muhammad Irfan, Misal e Fatima
Frontiers in Environmental Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between levels of thiamine intake, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and depression in Korea: a national cross-sectional study
Hai Nguyen Duc, Hojin Oh, In Mo Yoon, Min-Sun Kim
Journal of Nutritional Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Interrelationships between obesity, blood pressure and metabolic profile in climacteric women
Vivianne Margareth Chaves Pereira REIS, Rafael Silveira FREIRE, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo BRITO, Lucinéia de PINHO, Josiane Santos Brant ROCHA, Marise Fagundes SILVEIRA
Revista de Nutrição.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Eating behavior and metabolic syndrome over time
Yun-Mi Song, Kayoung Lee
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2020; 25(3): 545. CrossRef
Risk factors for disordered weight control behaviors among Korean adolescents: Multilevel analysis of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Yongjoo Kim, S. Bryn Austin, S.V. Subramanian, Jennifer J. Thomas, Kamryn T. Eddy, Debra L. Franko, Rachel F. Rodgers, Ichiro Kawachi
International Journal of Eating Disorders.2018; 51(2): 124. CrossRef

6,833 View
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Relationship between Family Meals and Depressive Symptoms in Children: Young-Seok Kim, Min-Ji Lee, Young-Sung Suh, Dae-Hyun Kim; Korean J Fam Med 2013;34(3):206-212. Published online May 24, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.3.206

Abstract
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Background

Recently, importance of family meals has been emphasized at home and abroad, and several journals reported that family meals had a big impact on children's development. In this paper, we would like to report the relationship between family meals and depressive symptoms in children.

Methods

This study was based on questionnaires distributed to 162 5th and 6th graders of one elementary school in the area of Daegu, Korea, in July, 2010. The questionnaire was about general characteristics, family characteristics, and quantity/quality of family meals. Family functions and depressive symptoms in children were evaluated with Smilkstein's family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve) score (FAS) and Kovac's Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).

Results

In one-way analyses of variance, there was no significant difference in FAS and CDI according to general and family characteristics (P > 0.05). CDI was significantly lower in the group having more frequent family meals (P < 0.05). Higher FAS and lower CDI was seen in the group having more conversation and better atmosphere during meals (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in FAS and CDI according to the number of participants, duration, and watching television during meals (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The frequency of family meals, having more conversation and better atmosphere during family meals predicted less depressive symptoms in children.

Citations

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Managing the challenges of adolescence through improved family functioning
Kira Alexander
The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.2025; 41(6): 1. CrossRef
Are family meals and social eating behaviour associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents? The EHDLA study
Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Estela Jiménez-López, Arthur Eumann Mesas, Rubén López-Bueno, Miriam Garrido-Miguel, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Lee Smith, José Francisco López-Gil
Clinical Nutrition.2023; 42(4): 505. CrossRef
Family functioning and health-related quality of life of inpatients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study in Lanzhou city, China
Hongchen Zhang, Yanhong Wang, Xiaoqing Cai, Nan Tang, Siqi Wei, Yanwei Yang
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Family Function in Reducing Suicidal Ideation Mediated by COVID-Related Stress and Psychotic-Like Experiences Among Adolescents
Zhipeng Wu, Zhulin Zou, Feiwen Wang, Zhibiao Xiang, Mengran Zhu, Haojuan Tao, Yicheng Long, Zhening Liu, Lena Palaniyappan
SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Family functioning as a moderator in the relation between perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences among adolescents during COVID-19
Zhipeng Wu, Zhulin Zou, Feiwen Wang, Zhibiao Xiang, Mengran Zhu, Yicheng Long, Haojuan Tao, Lena Palaniyappan, Zhening Liu
Comprehensive Psychiatry.2021; 111: 152274. CrossRef
Association between family dinner frequency and mental health in children and adolescents; the CASPIAN-V study
Golgis Karimi, Bahareh Vard, Roya Riyahi, Mohammad Esmail Motlagh, Ramin Heshmat, Roya Kelishadi
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition.2020; 71(5): 628. CrossRef
Parental Involvement – Perceptions of Parents and their Adolescent Children
Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, Lena Ashok, Veena Ganesh Kamath, Asha Kamath, Asha P. Hegde, Virupaksha Devaramane
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.2020; 87(3): 200. CrossRef
The Associations of Family Functioning, General Well-Being, and Exercise with Mental Health among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Qi Wang, Hongjian Liu, Zheng Ren, Wenjing Xiong, Minfu He, Nan Li, Xinwen Fan, Xia Guo, Xiangrong Li, Hong Shi, Shuang Zha, Xiumin Zhang
Psychiatry Investigation.2020; 17(4): 356. CrossRef
Eating habits and sleep patterns of adolescents with depression symptoms in Mumbai, India
Panchali Moitra, Jagmeet Madan, Nida I. Shaikh
Maternal & Child Nutrition.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The effects of family structure and function on mental health during China’s transition: a cross-sectional analysis
Yao Cheng, Liuyi Zhang, Fang Wang, Ping Zhang, Beizhu Ye, Yuan Liang
BMC Family Practice.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between Depression and School Achievement in Elementary School Students
Hyunju Park
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(10): 6168. CrossRef

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Maximum Meal Calorie Variation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.: Youngjin Ko, Minseon Park, Eurah Goh, Se Young Oh, Heegyung Chung, Junseok Kim, Jooseong Choi, Joo hyoung Kang, Gyehyeong Kim; Korean J Fam Med 2010;31(12):904-912. Published online December 20, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.12.904

Abstract
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Background
Diet pattern of regular and three meals per day is commonly recommended. Studies investigated the health effect of gorging pattern of diet using meal frequency and meal skipping, but the health effect of meal calorie variation between three regular meals has never been investigated. In this study, maximum meal calorie variation was defined as subtraction calorie for a meal with minimum energy intake from calories for a meal with maximum energy intake between three meals and examined the effect of maximum meal calorie variation between three regular meals a day on cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: A total of 4,680 healthy subjects aged 20-87 years who underwent medical screening examination, at one tertiary hospital health screening center and completed 24-hour dietary recall was included. Serum cholesterol subfractions, fasting glucose and blood pressure were measured.Results: Maximum meal calorie variation was significantly related to serum concentration of total cholesterol (Ղ = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36 to 3.18) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (Ղ = 1.64; 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.91), body mass index (Ղ = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.37) and waist circumference (Ղ = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.98) after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion: This study suggests the notion that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-C and obesity indices are related to maximum meal calorie variation between three meals, independently of energy intake and other confounding factors in free-living population.

Citations

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Metabolic profile in women with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder before and after treatment: secondary analysis from the randomized PED-t trial
Therese Fostervold Mathisen, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Jan H. Rosenvinge, Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Mette Svendsen, Gunn Pettersen, KariAnne Vrabel, Oddgeir Friborg
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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23 Download
1 Crossref

An approach to the treatment of the hypoglycemia dropped after meal.: Seng Wan Oh, Jae Tack Rhee, Song Byung Kim, Kwang Tai Ahn; J Korean Acad Fam Med 2001;22(11):1622-1629. Published online November 1, 2001

Abstract
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Background
: Many patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus treated by insulin therapy were observed their blood sugar dropped even after meal. The ecology and treatment for this phenomenon was unknown. A clinical research making an approach to treat this phenomenon is inevitable.

Methods : 9 patients whose blood sugar dropped right after meal (from 15 minutes to 1 hour) were selected among 58 IDDM(Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus) patients admitted in Daejon Sungsim hospital from March 1999 to Feb. 2000. The subjects were consist of 6 female and 3 male, average age was 57.2. Blood samples were taken from their capillaries and measured by Super Glucocard Ⅱ glucometer. Insulin was injected 30 minutes before breakfast and 50% glucose 30 ml was taken orally 15 minutes after the insulin injection. Breakfast was taken 15 minutes after the glucose taken. Blood sugar was measured 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 120 minutes and 2 hours after a breakfast.

Results : Though average blood sugar dropped after breakfast was 44.5 ㎎/㎗, average blood sugar after taken 50% glucose 30 ml was 114.1 ㎎/㎗. 2 patients had good effect among 3 male patients and every 6 female patients had good effect.

Conclusion : Taking 50% glucose 30 ml in oral 15 minutes after insulin injection improved the IDDM patient's blood sugar drop right after meal.