Background
The use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) among Korean adults has been steadily increasing since they were first introduced in 2017. It is known that smoking combustible cigarettes (CCs) adversely affects the serum lipid profile and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the health impacts of HTPs remain under- researched. This study, therefore, aims to explore the effects of HTP use on serum lipid levels.
Methods
This study involved 10,309 participants, selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1 and VIII conducted between 2018 and 2021. Participants were categorized based on their smoking status: “HTPs ever user” included dual, triple, and past HTP users; “current HTPs only user” for those exclusively using HTPs; “current CCs only user” for those exclusively smoking CCs; and “never smoker.” Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of smoking type on serum lipid concentrations.
Results
The analysis revealed that the “HTPs ever user” group had a higher odds ratio (OR) for elevated total cholesterol compared to the “never smoker” group (OR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.92). The likelihood of having high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was greatest in the “current HTPs only user” group when compared to “never smokers” (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01–2.89).
Conclusion
The findings indicate that exclusive use of HTPs is linked to an increased level of serum LDL-cholesterol. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to fully determine the health risks associated with HTPs.

Background
Tobacco use has been the leading cause of disease and death in South Korea. Early detection of tobacco use and evidence-based interventions play pivotal roles in facilitating tobacco cessation.
Methods
In accordance with the earlier iterations of the Lifetime Health Maintenance Program (2009) and recent recommendations from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF; 2021), two themes were chosen for investigation: the identification of and intervention for tobacco use. The USPSTF recommendations were formulated by conducting an overview of reviews. In this study, literature searches and quality assessments of reviews were conducted.
Results
The findings highlighted the efficacy of physician-led identification and advising in promoting tobacco cessation, with robust evidence supporting the implementation of behavioral and pharmacological interventions. These interventions significantly increased the likelihood of successful cessation compared with usual care. Digital interventions, such as internet- or mobile-based interventions, showed additive effects for quitting.
Conclusion
Identification and targeted interventions are essential for tobacco cessation. By leveraging evidencebased strategies and enhancing access to resources, healthcare providers can empower individuals to achieve successful tobacco cessation and improve overall health outcomes.

Background
Although the association between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been established, the effects of tobacco products, including combustible cigarettes (CCs) and non-combustible nicotine or tobacco products (NNTPs), on HRQoL remain unclear. This study examined the association between tobacco use and HRQoL in Korean men.
Methods
Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed. A total of 16,429 male participants aged ≥19 years completed the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Impaired HRQoL was defined as scoring in the lowest 20% of the EQ-5D index and having some or extreme problems in the following five domains of the EQ-5D: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/ discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the risk of impaired HRQoL in current tobacco users.
Results
Current tobacco users exhibited a significantly higher risk of impaired HRQoL compared with never users (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.92). Compared to never users, current tobacco users reported more problems with mobility and pain/discomfort (all P<0.05). Moreover, compared with former tobacco users, current tobacco users had a higher risk of impaired HRQoL (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.17). Compared to former tobacco users, current tobacco users reported more problems with mobility and pain/discomfort (all P<0.05).
Conclusion
Use of CCs and NNTPs is associated with impaired HRQoL in Korean men. Therefore, further interventions for lifestyle modification and smoking cessation treatments are required to reduce the risk of impaired HRQoL among current tobacco users.

Background
Despite the increasing prevalence of anxiety disorders in Korea, there have been no nationwide studies on the association between tobacco status and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Furthermore, despite the increasing number of people using noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products (NNTPs), the association between NNTP use and GAD remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the association between tobacco use and GAD.
Methods
This nationwide study used data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2021) and included 5,454 adults aged ≥19 years who self-reported on the tobacco use and mental health sections. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the odds ratios (ORs) of GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥10) according to tobacco status among Korean adults. The severity of anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale.
Results
Compared to never tobacco users, the ORs of GAD for combustible cigarette smokers and NNTP users were 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66–4.50) and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.16–3.83), respectively. The OR of GAD for former tobacco users was 1.63 (95% CI, 0.98–2.72).
Conclusion
Tobacco use (combustible cigarettes and NNTP) was positively associated with GAD. However, in former tobacco users, there was no significant association with GAD when compared with never tobacco users. Given the OR of GAD among tobacco users, it is crucial to pay attention to screening for GAD and implement appropriate early interventions.

Citations

• Comprehensive Health Strategies for the Post-pandemic Era: Integrating Physical Health, Psychological Resilience, Lifestyle Choices, and Occupational Well-being
  Su Hwan Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(6): 303.     CrossRef

Although major countries, such as South Korea, have developed and disseminated national smoking cessation guidelines, these efforts have been limited to developing individual societies or specialized institution-based recommendations. Therefore, evidence-based clinical guidelines are essential for developing smoking cessation interventions and promoting effective smoking cessation treatments. This guideline targets frontline clinical practitioners involved in a smoking cessation treatment support program implemented in 2015 with the support of the National Health Insurance Service. The Guideline Development Group of 10 multidisciplinary smoking cessation experts employed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT approach to review recent domestic and international research and guidelines and to determine evidence levels using the GRADE methodology. The guideline panel formulated six strong recommendations and one conditional recommendation regarding pharmacotherapy choices among general and special populations (mental disorders and chronic obstructive lung disease [COPD]). Strong recommendations favor varenicline rather than a nicotine patch or bupropion, using varenicline even if they are not ready to quit, using extended pharmacotherapy (>12 weeks) rather than standard treatment (8–12 weeks), or using pharmacotherapy for individuals with mental disorders or COPD. The conditional recommendation suggests combining varenicline with a nicotine patch instead of using varenicline alone. Aligned with the Korean Society of Medicine’s clinical guideline development process, this is South Korea’s first domestic smoking cessation treatment guideline that follows standardized guidelines. Primarily focusing on pharmacotherapy, it can serve as a foundation for comprehensive future smoking cessation clinical guidelines, encompassing broader treatment topics beyond medications.

Background
Although Indonesia has a considerable proportion of adolescent smokers, nationally representative studies of its determinants remain limited. The 2015 Indonesian Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was conducted with school-age adolescents and provided information about smoking behavior. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, determinants, and correlates of tobacco use among adolescents in Indonesia using the GSHS survey.
Methods
A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2015 Indonesian GSHS. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants and correlates of tobacco use.
Results
Our analysis showed that 9.1% of school-age adolescents had used tobacco products in the past 30 days. Most were 13–15 years (61.7%) and had attempted to stop smoking (92.4%). After adjusting for covariates, significant risk factors associated with tobacco smoking were older age groups (prevalence odds ratio [POR], 3.01–9.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–23.1), male (POR, 13.7; 95% CI, 8.71–21.5), psychological distress (POR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.05–1.90), smoking exposure (POR, 1.98–2.15; 95% CI, 1.35–3.42), and when both parents smoked (POR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.78–4.94). In addition, tobacco use was associated with other risky behaviors, including sex with multiple partners, using drugs, drinking alcohol, and being involved in physical fights.
Conclusion
Tobacco use is high among Indonesian adolescents. This prevalence highlights the need for a more stringent tobacco control policy and tailored cessation programs for adolescents by considering important modifiable determinants of tobacco use among adolescents, including risky smoking-related behaviors.

Citations

• Associação entre consumo de álcool, tabagismo e atividade física em adolescentes escolares sul-americanos
  José Ywgne, André Oliveira Werneck, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Diego Giulliano Destro Christófaro, Fernanda Castro Monteiro, Ingrid Kelly Alves dos Santos Pinheiro, Kabir Prem Sadarangani, Rafael Miranda Tassitano, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da Silva
  Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde.2025; 29: 1.     CrossRef
• Predictor of smoking cessation among school-going adolescents in Indonesia: a secondary analysis based on the transtheoretical model of behavioral change
  Omid Dadras
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pharmacotherapy guidelines for smoking cessation in primary healthcare clinics
  Cheol Min Lee, Yu Jin Paek, Yoo Bin Seo, Eon Sook Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 230.     CrossRef
• Exploring Behavioral and Pharmacological Interventions against Excessive Tobacco Use
  Dalmacito A. Cordero
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(4): 231.     CrossRef

Background
Since the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Korea in 2017, their annual sales have increased. Several studies have investigated the perceptions of HTPs and smoking cessation behaviors. For the first time, In 2019, questions focused on HTP use were introduced in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). This study aimed to compare smoking cessation behaviors between HTP users and conventional cigarette smokers using KNHANES data.
Methods
Data of 947 current adult smokers from the 8th KNHNES (2019) were analyzed. Current smokers were divided into conventional cigarette (CC)–only, HTP-only, and dual-use groups. The general characteristics of the three groups were investigated. Differences in current intention to quit smoking and past attempts to quit smoking among the three groups were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis by IBM SPSS ver. 25.0.
Results
HTP-only users demonstrated fewer future smoking cessation plans (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.398; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.195–0.813; P=0.012) and fewer smoking cessation attempts in the past year (AOR, 0.533; 95% CI, 0.298–0.954; P=0.034) than CC-only smokers. However, there was no significant difference between dual-use (CC+HTP) and CC-only smokers.
Conclusion
While dual-use and CC-only smokers showed similar smoking cessation behaviors, HTP-only users had fewer previous attempts to quit smoking and were less likely to be currently ready to quit smoking. These findings can be explained by a decrease in the need to quit smoking due to the convenience of HTP and the perception that HTPs are less harmful than CC.

Citations

• Association between type of smoking and smoking cessation plans in Korean adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study
  Kitae Park, Dan Bi Kim, Jae Yong Shin, Chung-Mo Nam, Eun-Cheol Park
  Tobacco Induced Diseases.2025; 23(February): 1.     CrossRef
• Pharmacotherapy guidelines for smoking cessation in primary healthcare clinics
  Cheol Min Lee, Yu Jin Paek, Yoo Bin Seo, Eon Sook Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 230.     CrossRef
• Three in four smokers want to quit tobacco (reference to reassessing the smoking target in Japan): findings from the JASTIS2021 study
  Masayuki Sugihara, Takahiro Tabuchi
  Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2024; 29: 28.     CrossRef
• A Scoping Review of Behavioural Studies on Heated Tobacco Products
  Ian M Fearon, Sarah F Cordery, Martin Fitzpatrick, Sarah Weaver, Matthew Stevenson, Erika Grandolfo, Layla Malt, Keith Thompson, Thomas Nahde
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Is Using Heated Tobacco Products Helpful in Smoking Cessation?
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(3): 127.     CrossRef

Background
After the advent of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in 2017, domestic cigarette sales declined until 2019, but have increased in South Korea since 2020. This study aimed to analyze tobacco use and cessation behavior among HTP users compared with conventional cigarette (CC) users.
Methods
We analyzed data from the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019). Of 6,188 study participants, 1,181 were current tobacco product users (single, dual, and triple), including all combinations of CCs, HTPs, and electronic cigarettes (ECs). Tobacco use and cessation behaviors among single and dual users of CCs and HTPs were assessed using various categorical methods.
Results
In 2019, proportions of HTP use in men and women aged ≥19 years in South Korea were 8.8% and 1.5%, respectively, and those of single, dual, and triple users were 23.6%, 58.0%, and 18.4%, respectively. Dual users had more tobacco use than CC only and HTP only users (all P<0.001). Each daily user accounted for a lower percentage of attempt and preparation stages for cessation than intermittent users (all P<0.001, except for dual users).
Conclusion
In this study, we analyzed the differences in tobacco use and cessation behavior among CC and HTP users in various populations in South Korea. Additionally, we found that all novel tobacco product users had already experienced CCs in adulthood. Further studies that address HTP’s harmful effects in humans are necessary.

Citations

• Pharmacotherapy guidelines for smoking cessation in primary healthcare clinics
  Cheol Min Lee, Yu Jin Paek, Yoo Bin Seo, Eon Sook Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 230.     CrossRef
• Heated tobacco product use frequency, smoking quit attempts, and smoking reduction among Mexican adult smokers
  Lizeth Cruz-Jiménez, Inti Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Dèsirée Vidaña-Pérez, Katia Gallegos-Carrillo, Edna Arillo-Santillán, Rosibel Rodríguez-Bolaños, James W. Hardin, Minji Kim, James F. Thrasher
  Tobacco Induced Diseases.2024; 22(May): 1.     CrossRef
• A Scoping Review of Behavioural Studies on Heated Tobacco Products
  Ian M Fearon, Sarah F Cordery, Martin Fitzpatrick, Sarah Weaver, Matthew Stevenson, Erika Grandolfo, Layla Malt, Keith Thompson, Thomas Nahde
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea
  Cheol Min Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 789.     CrossRef

Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a hybrid between conventional and electronic cigarettes, were first launched in South Korea in June 2017. Owing to advertisements stating that HTPs are odorless, tar-free, and less harmful to health, the sales of HTPs have grown quickly enough to account for about 10% of the total tobacco market in a year. HTP use by young, highly educated, and high-income groups had a significant impact on both the overall tobacco market over the past 3 years and the smoking and quitting behaviors of smokers. Based on national smoking rate statistics, tobacco sales trends, and the number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics, the following changes have been identified: (1) The decline in current smoking rates has slowed or rose in some groups. (2) The decline in total cigarette sales has slowed but rose again in the first quarter of 2020. (3) The number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics decreased just after the advent of HTPs. These results may be due to the insufficient support of tobacco regulation policies but also coincide chronologically with the appearance of HTPs in South Korea. It is necessary to investigate the usage rate of various tobacco products, including HTPs and e-cigarettes, to examine the health risks of novel tobacco products and provide accurate information to users and policymakers. Finally, tobacco companies are continuously developing new product concepts to escape the regulation of existing cigarettes; thus, comprehensive management measures for all nicotine-containing products are needed.

Citations

• Maintaining optimal cardiovascular health metrics and carotid intima-media thickness among Korean adolescents
  Fumie Kaneko, Hokyou Lee, Jee-Seon Shim, Hyeon Chang Kim
  Clinical Hypertension.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessing use of inhalable nicotine products within complex markets: the dilemma of heated tobacco products
  Connor Richard Miller, Steve S Xu, Danielle M Smith, Edward Sutanto, Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz, Anne C K Quah, Geoffrey T Fong
  Tobacco Control.2024; 33(1): 103.     CrossRef
• The smoking population is not hardening in South Korea: a study using the Korea Community Health Survey from 2010 to 2018
  Boyoung Jung, Jung Ah Lee, Ye-Jee Kim, Hong-Jun Cho
  Tobacco Control.2024; 33(2): 171.     CrossRef
• Heated Tobacco Product Use and Mental Health: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2018–2020)
  Young-Gyun Seo, Sungkyu Lee, Min Kyung Lim, Yu-Jin Paek
  International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2024; 22(3): 979.     CrossRef
• Perception of heated tobacco products and support for regulations: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong
  Yongda Socrates Wu, Yee Tak Derek Cheung, Sai Yin Ho, Henry Sau Chai Tong, Vienna Wai Yin Lai, Tai Hing Lam, Man Ping Wang
  Tobacco Control.2024; 33(e1): e132.     CrossRef
• Heated tobacco products do not help smokers quit or prevent relapse: a longitudinal study in Japan
  Satomi Odani, Kanami Tsuno, Israel T Agaku, Takahiro Tabuchi
  Tobacco Control.2024; 33(4): 472.     CrossRef
• A Scoping Review of Behavioural Studies on Heated Tobacco Products
  Ian M Fearon, Sarah F Cordery, Martin Fitzpatrick, Sarah Weaver, Matthew Stevenson, Erika Grandolfo, Layla Malt, Keith Thompson, Thomas Nahde
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting COPD: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea
  Seungeun Oh, Hyungkyun Mok, Kyuhee Jo
  Medicine.2024; 103(39): e39901.     CrossRef
• Association between the dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and NAFLD status in Korean men
  Minjung Han, Seogsong Jeong, Jihun Song, Sun Jae Park, Cheol Min Lee, Kiheon Lee, Sang Min Park
  Tobacco Induced Diseases.2023; 21(February): 1.     CrossRef
• JUUL preference among Korean adult tobacco users and its effect on attempts to quit tobacco: A follow- up survey four months post JUUL launch
  Ju Sam Hwang^{+, Kiheon Lee+, Choon-Young Kim, Heejin Kim, Sungroul Kim, Cheol Lee
  Tobacco Induced Diseases.2023; 21(March): 1.     CrossRef}
• Electronic device or regulated tobacco product? Learning from the diffusion of heated tobacco products in Spain
  J.M. Martín-Álvarez, A. Almeida, A.A. Golpe, E. Asensio
  Public Health.2023; 219: 61.     CrossRef
• Is Using Heated Tobacco Products Helpful in Smoking Cessation?
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(3): 127.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the Smoking Cessation of Heated Tobacco Product Users and Conventional Cigarette Smokers in Korea
  Doyeon Won, Wonyoung Jung, Dongwook Shin
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(3): 151.     CrossRef
• The relationship between heated cigarette smoking and blood white blood cell count: a population-based cross-sectional study
  D.-H. Koh
  Public Health.2023; 222: 154.     CrossRef
• The Need for Policy Changes for Tobacco End Game
  Cheol Min Lee
  Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2023; 14(3): 118.     CrossRef
• Relationship between heated tobacco product use and allergic rhinitis in Korean adults
  Young-Gyun Seo, Yu-Jin Paek, Joo-Hee Kim, Jwa-Kyung Kim, Hye-Mi Noh
  Tobacco Induced Diseases.2023; 21(November): 1.     CrossRef
• Characterizing Heated Tobacco Product Use Among Adult Cigarette Smokers and Nicotine Vaping Product Users in the 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking & Vaping Survey
  Connor R Miller, Edward Sutanto, Danielle M Smith, Sara C Hitchman, Shannon Gravely, Hua-Hie Yong, Ron Borland, Richard J O’Connor, K Michael Cummings, Geoffrey T Fong, Andrew Hyland, Anne C K Quah, Maciej L Goniewicz
  Nicotine & Tobacco Research.2022; 24(4): 493.     CrossRef
• Heated tobacco products for smoking cessation and reducing smoking prevalence
  Harry Tattan-Birch, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Loren Kock, Erikas Simonavicius, Leonie Brose, Sarah Jackson, Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perceived relative harm of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes and its association with use in smoke-free places: A cross-sectional analysis of Korean adults
  Choon-Young Kim^*+, Kiheon Lee^*+, Cheol Min Lee, Sungroul Kim, Hong-Jun Cho
  Tobacco Induced Diseases.2022; 20(February): 1.     CrossRef
• Subjective Changes in Tobacco Product Use among Korean Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Jieun Hwang
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3272.     CrossRef
• Methods of the 2020 (Wave 1) International Tobacco Control (ITC) Korea Survey
  Anne Quah, Sungkyu Lee, Hong Gwan Seo, Sung-il Cho, Sujin Lim, Yeol Kim, Steve Xu, Matthew Grey, Mi Yan, Christian Boudreau, Mary Thompson, Pete Driezen, Geoffrey Fong
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2022; 8(March): 1.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Japanese university students' perception of smoking, interest in quitting, and smoking behavior: An examination and public health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic
  Makoto Aoike, Yukihiro Mori, Kiyoshi Hotta, Yukihiro Shigeno, Yuka Aoyama, Mamoru Tanaka, Hana Kouzai, Hatsumi Kawamura, Masato Tsurudome, Morihiro Ito
  Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics.2022; 16(3): 118.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Quit Intentions among Adult Smokers in South Korea: Findings from the 2020 ITC Korea Survey
  Minjung Han, Donghee Seo, Yeol Kim, Hong Gwan Seo, Sung-il Cho, Sungkyu Lee, Sujin Lim, Susan C. Kaai, Anne C. K. Quah, Mi Yan, Steve S. Xu, Geoffrey T. Fong
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(17): 10839.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Tobacco Use and Cessation Behavior between Conventional Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product Users: Based on the Analyses of the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
  Hyeree Yu, Cheol Min Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(5): 296.     CrossRef
• Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia after Combined Use of Conventional and Heat-Not-Burn Cigarettes: A Case Report
  Bo Hyoung Kang, Dong Hyun Lee, Mee Sook Roh, Soo-Jung Um, Insu Kim
  Medicina.2022; 58(11): 1527.     CrossRef
• Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea
  Cheol Min Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 789.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and predictors of heated tobacco products use among male ever smokers: results from a Korean longitudinal study
  Jeeeun Yi, Cheol Min Lee, Seung-sik Hwang, Sung-il Cho
  BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nicotine Dependence of Electronic Cigarette, Dual Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Users
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(3): 189.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and reasons for use of Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) in Europe: an analysis of Eurobarometer data in 28 countries
  Anthony A. Laverty, Constantine I. Vardavas, Filippos T. Filippidis
  The Lancet Regional Health - Europe.2021; 8: 100159.     CrossRef
• Combined Associations of Changes in Noncombustible Nicotine or Tobacco Product and Combustible Cigarette Use Habits With Subsequent Short-Term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among South Korean Men: A Nationwide Cohort Study
  Seulggie Choi, Kiheon Lee, Sang Min Park
  Circulation.2021; 144(19): 1528.     CrossRef
• Bibliometric Analysis of Publications Related to Heated Tobacco Products Reported over the Period 2015-2020
  Min Joo Jeon, Su Mi Lee, Kiheon Lee, Eunbyul Cho, Joo Young Kim, Woo Kyung Bae, Jong Soo Han, Hyejin Lee, Se Young Jung
  Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2021; 12(2): 74.     CrossRef
• Reasons for Using Heated Tobacco Products among South Korean Adults
  Ji Min Kim, Hong-Jun Cho
  Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2021; 12(2): 53.     CrossRef
• Are Heated Tobacco Product Users Less Likely to Quit than Cigarette Smokers? Findings from THINK (Tobacco and Health IN Korea) Study
  Cheol Min Lee, Choon-Young Kim, Kiheon Lee, Sungroul Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(22): 8622.     CrossRef
• The Change of Tobacco Use Pattern among Adolescents after the Introduction of Novel Tobacco Products
  Cheol Min Lee
  Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2020; 11(2): 84.     CrossRef

Background
In 2015, tobacco prices significantly increased in Korea as part of the government’s smoking cessation policy. This study examined the changes in the stages of smoking cessation among Korean male smokers before and after the implementation of the tobacco price policy, and identified the predictors of such changes.
Methods
The study population comprised 3,533 male current smokers (age ≥19 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2016. Current smokers were defined as persons who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes during their lifetime and are continuing to smoke. In accordance with the transtheoretical model, smokers were classified into the precontemplation stage (no plan to quit), contemplation stage, and preparation stage (planning to quit within 6 months). We examined the changes in the smoking cessation stages before and after the implementation of the policy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to the likelihood of continuing smoking, after adjustments for potential confounders.
Results
Immediately after the policy implementation, the percentage of smokers in the precontemplation stage decreased from 65.6% to 60.8% (P=0.014). However, this effect was temporary. Significant risk factors for remaining in the precontemplation stage were older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.010; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002–1.018; P=0.004), being in the lowest income quartile (OR, 1.226; 95% CI, 1.001–1.502; P=0.049), and manual worker or unemployed status (OR, 1.256; 95% CI, 1.036–1523; P=0.020).
Conclusion
Increasing tobacco prices only temporarily change the stage of smoking cessation among Korean male smokers.

Citations

• Association Between Perceived Noise Pollution and Sleep Quality: Findings from the 2018 Community Health Survey
  Sujin Lee, Jae Ho Chung
  Noise and Health.2024; 26(122): 346.     CrossRef
• Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea
  Cheol Min Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 789.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Public Health Intervention for Smoking Cessation
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(5): 343.     CrossRef

Background
The rising prevalence of alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) use among adolescents is a global concern that has been attributed to the reemergence of preexisting alternative tobacco products and emergence of new ones in the market. This study examined ATNP use among late adolescents. The association between ATNP use and reasons for using them was explored.
Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 involving 388 late adolescents from six government colleges in Kelantan, Malaysia, aged 18 to 19 years. They were requested to answer self-directed questionnaires with items on sociodemographic information and types of ATNP used. Other variables obtained include the environmental influence and reasons for using the products. Regression analyses between the dependent and independent variables were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results
The prevalence of ATNP use among late adolescents was 14.4%. The male sex, cigarette smoking status, and peer use were significantly associated with ATNP use. Several reasons for use were not significantly associated with ATNP use: perception of ATNP being less harmful and less addictive compared with cigarettes, curiosity, less expensive than cigarettes, to aid smoking cessation, and pleasurable flavors and taste.
Conclusion
The prevalence of ATNP use among late adolescents studying in government colleges in Kelantan is significant. There is higher perception on ATNP being less harmful and addictive than the conventional cigarette among the users compared with non-users. Significant associations are seen for the male sex, peer use, and concurrent cigarette smoking.

Citations

• Prevalence and Associated Factors Related to Tobacco Consumption Among University Students in Malaysia
  Chui Yi Chow, Md Zobaer Hasan, Anton Abdulbasah Kamil
  Health Psychology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing the Use of Tobacco Among Youth in Low-Income, Lower-Middle-Income, and Upper-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
  Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee
  Journal of Research in Health Sciences.2024; 24(3): e00617.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and Associated Factors of E-Cigarette Use among Adolescents in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review
  Miaw Yn Jane Ling, Ahmad Farid Nazmi Abdul Halim, Dzulfitree Ahmad, Norfazilah Ahmad, Nazarudin Safian, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(5): 3883.     CrossRef
• Factors of e-cigarette use among Malaysian adolescents: A systematic review
  Vitalis Ronald Eden, Mohd Shahimi Mustapha, Saravanan Jaganathan, Hafiz Jaafar
  Journal of Health Science Research.2023; 9: 7.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Heated Tobacco Products on Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, and Tobacco Sales in South Korea
  Cheol Min Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(5): 273.     CrossRef

Citations

• Effect of children secondhand smoke exposure associated with GABA concentration: Influence from parents who are extremely heavy smokers in urban households
  Jadsada Kunno, Panu Pimviriyakul, Titaporn Luangwilai, Saowanee Sematong, Busaba Supawattanabodee, Sathit Kuratong, Mark Gregory Robson
  Science of The Total Environment.2024; 918: 170720.     CrossRef
• Machine-learning model for predicting depression in second-hand smokers in cross-sectional data using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Na Hyun Kim, Myeongju Kim, Jong Soo Han, Hyoju Sohn, Bumjo Oh, Ji Won Lee, Sumin Ahn
  DIGITAL HEALTH.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Locus of control and the long-term effects of parental smoking on mental health
  Rejoice E.A. Churchill, Augustine Asante
  Social Science & Medicine.2024; 361: 117401.     CrossRef
• Passive exposure to e-cigarette emissions is associated with worsened mental health
  Kayla Rae Farrell, Michael Weitzman, Emma Karey, Teresa K. Y. Lai, Terry Gordon, Shu Xu
  BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Dysglycemia
  Su-Jin Bak, Hyo-Jin Sa, Eun-Jung Oh, Hyuk-Jung Kweon, Kyoung-Jin Kim, Jinyoung Shin, Jae-Kyung Choi
  Korean Journal of Family Practice.2021; 11(4): 256.     CrossRef
• A Scoping Review of Non-Occupational Exposures to Environmental Pollutants and Adult Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide
  Aisha S. Dickerson, Alexander C. Wu, Zeyan Liew, Marc Weisskopf
  Current Environmental Health Reports.2020; 7(3): 256.     CrossRef
• Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with current depression (PHQ-8) among never-smokers? Results from a survey among German adults
  Fabian Erdsiek, Patrick Brzoska
  BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of secondhand smoke and depressive symptoms in nonsmoking pregnant Women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Daichi Suzuki, Windy M.V. Wariki, Maiko Suto, Noyuri Yamaji, Yo Takemoto, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Erika Ota
  Journal of Affective Disorders.2019; 245: 918.     CrossRef
• Association between second-hand smoke exposure and depression and its moderation by sex: Findings from a nation-wide population survey in Germany
  Fabian Erdsiek, Patrick Brzoska
  Journal of Affective Disorders.2019; 253: 102.     CrossRef
• Setting-Specific and Symptom-Specific Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms
  Xiaohua Ye, Jingya Huang, Liang Xia, Xiaojun Xu, Xiao Gong, Yanjun Xu
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(7): 1249.     CrossRef
• Urine Cotinine for Assessing the Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depression in Adult Non-Smokers in Korea: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016
  Yul Hee Kim, Byung Sung Kim, Chang Won Won, Sunyoung Kim, Hye Jin Jang
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2019; 19(3): 138.     CrossRef
• Dose–Response Relationships between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Guangzhou, China
  Jingya Huang, Bin Xu, Dan Guo, Ting Jiang, Wei Huang, Guocong Liu, Xiaohua Ye
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(5): 985.     CrossRef
• Depression and anxiety screening among school students and its relation to weight status
  Khaled A. Alswat, Abdullah D. Al-Shehri, Tariq A. Aljuaid, Bassam A. Alzaidi, Hassan D. Alasmari
  Minerva Psichiatrica.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Secondhand Smoking Is Associated with Poor Mental Health in Korean Adolescents
  Inho Bang, Young-jin Jeong, Young-yoon Park, Na-yeon Moon, Junyong Lee, Tae-hee Jeon
  The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine.2017; 242(4): 317.     CrossRef
• Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Depression Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation in Adults
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2016; 37(2): 77.     CrossRef

Background
As one of harm reduction strategies, tobacco manufacturers have begun to introduce lower-yield cigarettes. Lower-yield cigarettes, so called light cigarettes, have been perceived as less hazardous by some smokers. However, there have been very few studies concerning smoking lower yield products the lead to lower nicotine absorption. We evaluated the association between brand nicotine yield of cigarettes and actual nicotine intake by measuring urinary cotinine. Methods: Four hundred sixty four male smokers aged 18 or over who participated in health check-ups in a hospital from May to October 2007 fi lled out a self-administered smoking questionnaire. Urinary cotinine concentration was measured at the time of participation. The subjects were divided into three groups (ultralight [nicotine: 0.05 mg], light [0.1 mg], and regular [> 0.1 mg] group) according to the level of brand nicotine yield of cigarettes which they smoked. Results: The median urinary cotinine concentrations of ultralight (N = 62), light (N = 216), and regular (N = 186) groups were 735.5 ng/mL (interquartile range, 320 to 1,300 ng/mL), 956.0 ng/mL (429 to 1,491 ng/mL), and 1,067.5 ng/mL (615 to 1,613 ng/mL), respectively. There was a signifi cant difference in urinary cotinine between the regular and the other groups (P = 0.015). However, multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk of being in the highest quartile of urinary cotinine concentration (≥ 1,532 ng/mL) after adjusting for possible confounding variables showed that the odds ratios were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.37) in the light nicotine group and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.38 to1.72) in the ultralight nicotine group compared to the regular nicotine group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the risk of elevated urinary cotinine concentrations in male adult smokers according to brand nicotine yield of cigarettes groups.

Background
Smoking is universally recognized as the foremost preventable cause of cancer. And smoking behavior causes many negative effects in cancer patients. Based on the mounting evidence that smoking affects cancer treatment outcomes and survival, we studied whether the cancer diagnosis affects smoking behavior. Methods: During August 2007, 279 patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of cancer were surveyed by a questionnaire and a follow up survey was performed at 3 months and 7 months afterwards. Follow up survey was performed via telephone and finally 246 patients were enrolled. Questions in the survey included smoking history, nicotine dependence, stage of change and the reason for quit smoking or keep smoking. In the follow up survey at 7 month, we asked whether they needed smoking cessation interventions. Results: At the end of the study, the subjects who kept smoking were 27 patients, but the degree of nicotine dependence was decreased compared to the preceding 2 surveys and contemplation as well as preparation stage turned out to be the most prevalent stage of change. The main reasons to keep smoking were behavioral habits and stress. Regardless of their smoking history, almost all cancer patients wanted smoking cessation interventions. Conclusion: Smoking is a critical variable that affects cancer treatment and outcome. We surely found there is a smoking subgroup after cancer diagnosis and we should advise them to quit smoking.

Citations

• Sarcopenia in cancer survivors is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk
  Su Jung Lee, Yoon Jin Park, Kathleen B. Cartmell
  Supportive Care in Cancer.2018; 26(7): 2313.     CrossRef
• Suicide in patients with genitourinary malignancies
  M. M. de Lima, M. Tobias-Machado
  European Journal of Cancer Care.2017; 26(6): e12635.     CrossRef
• Depression and Suicide Ideas of Cancer Patients and Influencing Factors in South Korea
  Su Jin Lee, Jong Hyock Park, Bo Young Park, So Young Kim, Il Hak Lee, Jong Heun Kim, Dai Ha Koh, Chang-Hoon Kim, Jae Hyun Park, Myong Sei Sohn
  Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(7): 2945.     CrossRef

Background
The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the urine cotinine concentrations in Korean adolescents. Methods: Study population was 1st grade adolescents (N=1467, girls 22.2%) recruited from four high schools, two from Seoul, one from Kangleung and one from Woolsan. We obtained information for active smoking and ETS exposure through self-reported questionnaire and urine cotinine concentrations. Results: The prevalence of active smoking was 6.9% in boys and 0.9% in girls. Median urine cotinine concentrations were 19.5 Ռg/L (range, 0-2341 Ռg/L) among smokers, and 0 Ռg/L (range, 0-1359 Ռg/L) among nonsmokers. The positive rate of urine cotinine among nonsmokers exposed to ETS was 2.9%. Boys were exposed to ETS at PC room (79.6%), home (39.4%), school (11.5%), and public places (5.9%); girls were exposed at home (40.9%), PC room (33.2%), public places (28.0%), and school (15.2%). The frequency and duration of ETS exposure were significantly larger and longer in boys than in girls. Boys contacted friends who smoked more than girls did (32.6% vs. 17.1%). Parents'smoking status was similar both in boys and girls. Any information about ETS exposure did not differ according to the detectable urine cotinine among nonsmoking adolescents. Conclusions: Low positive rateof urine cotinine and no association of urine cotinine with various ETS exposure history reflectthat urine cotinine may not a good marker for ETS exposure in Korean adolescents.

Citations

• Association between Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Urinary NNAL Level in Korean Adolescents
  Hyo-Sun You, Jae-woo Lee, Ye-seul Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Hyeong-Cheol Lee, Jin Young Hwang, Woojung Yang, Hee-Taik Kang
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Dysglycemia
  Su-Jin Bak, Hyo-Jin Sa, Eun-Jung Oh, Hyuk-Jung Kweon, Kyoung-Jin Kim, Jinyoung Shin, Jae-Kyung Choi
  Korean Journal of Family Practice.2021; 11(4): 256.     CrossRef
• Exposure to Hookah and Cigarette Smoke in Children and Adolescents According to Their Socio-Economic Status: The CASPIAN-IV Study
  Roya Kelishadi, Armindokht Shahsanai, Mostafa Qorbani, Gelayol Ardalan, Parinaz Poursafa, Ramin Heshmat, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
  Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Correlation of Different Cotinine Levels With Questionnaire Results
  Myung Bae Park, Eun Woo Nam, Seon Kui Lee, Chun-Bae Kim, Chhabi Ranabhat
  Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2015; 27(5): 542.     CrossRef
• Tolerance for and potential indicators of second-hand smoke exposure among nonsmokers: A comparison of self-reported and cotinine verified second-hand smoke exposure based on nationally representative data
  Bo Yoon Jeong, Min Kyung Lim, E Hwa Yun, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Eun Young Park, Do-Hoon Lee
  Preventive Medicine.2014; 67: 280.     CrossRef
• Urine Cotinine for Assessing Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Korean: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
  Sungmo Jung, In Seon Lee, Sae Byol Kim, Chan Soo Moon, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Eun Young Kim
  Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2012; 73(4): 210.     CrossRef
• Association Between Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure of Children and Parental Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
  O. Yi, H.-J. Kwon, D. Kim, H. Kim, M. Ha, S.-J. Hong, Y.-C. Hong, J.-H. Leem, J. Sakong, C. G. Lee, S.-Y. Kim, D. Kang
  Nicotine & Tobacco Research.2012; 14(5): 607.     CrossRef
• The Biomarkers of Active and Passive Smoke Exposure
  Hye-Young Oh, Yu-Jin Paek
  Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2011; 2(2): 79.     CrossRef
• Effect of environmental exposure to lead and tobacco smoke on inattentive and hyperactive symptoms and neurocognitive performance in children
  Soo‐Churl Cho, Boong‐Nyun Kim, Yun‐Chul Hong, Min‐Sup Shin, Hee Jeong Yoo, Jae‐Won Kim, Soo‐Young Bhang, In Hee Cho, Hyo‐Won Kim
  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.2010; 51(9): 1050.     CrossRef

Background: This study reports findings from the ITC Korea Survey, which was conducted to evaluate the characteristics in Korean adult smokers as part of the ITC Project. Methods: Adult male and female smokers were randomly selected using telephone survey from November to December 2005. The ITC Korea Survey contained a wide range of questions on smoking behavior and smoking history. The data reported are weighted on the basis of age and gender, and they are nationally representative of smokers in Korea. Results: A total of 1,002 smokers among the selected 1,402 subjects (71.5%) were interviewed; 96.2% were males. Daily smokers comprised 94.5% of the sample. The mean of cigarettes per day was 17.9. The average minutes after waking before the first cigarette was smoked was lower (50.6 minutes) than it was in other countries of the ITC Project. Over 90% considered themselves addicted to cigarettes and 86.5% expressed regret over smoking. Smokers reported that the norms against smoking in Korea were very strong both personal norms (89.4%) and perceived norms in Korean society (86.3%). Among the smokers, 80.8% had tried to quit smoking, and 76.1% were planning to quit. Only 5.8% of the Korean smokers indicated that the warning labels made them a lot more likely to quit smoking. When the price of cigarettes increased by 500 won (25%) in December 2004, 34.3% reported trying to quit smoking. Only 17.7% supported a complete workplace ban and 15.8% supported a complete ban in restaurants. Although knowledge of the harms of smoking was high, nearly 80% of the Koreans wrongly believed that "nicotine causes most of the cancer in smokers." Finally, the great majority (85.2%) of smokers in Korea believed that "the government should do more to tackle the harm done by smoking" and 62.5% believed that "tobacco products should be more tightly regulated." Conclusion: The results from the baseline wave of the ITC Korea Survey have identified where tobacco control in Korea has been done. Future waves of the ITC Korea Survey will be able to evaluate the impact of important tobacco control policies that Korea will be required to implement over the next few years, as a party to the FCTC. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:844-853)