Background
No previous studies have assessed the psychometric properties of the 36-item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in the Persian language of Iran. This study was designed and conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version using a sample of persons with multiple sclerosis in Ahvaz, Iran.
Methods
The methodological study was conducted in two stages: First, the 36 items of the original WHODAS 2.0 were translated to create a Persian version, after which the translation validity and psychometric properties were tested. The factor structure of the instrument was also tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
Results
The intraclass correlation coefficients were very good to excellent, varying between 0.82 and 0.99 for the six domains, and all domains had Cronbach’s α reliability values of above 0.70. For construct validity, results showed negative and strong correlation between the total score of WHODAS 2.0 and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54. Exploratory factor analysis divided the Persian version of WHODAS 2.0 into seven factors for multiple sclerosis patients.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that the Persian version of WHODAS 2.0 is a valid and reliable instrument to study the disabilities of people with multiple sclerosis.

Citations

• Psychometric properties of full WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire for application through phone surveys: an experience in PERSIAN traffic cohort
  Nasrin Shahedifar, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani, Mina Golestani, Mohammad Asghari Jaafarabadi, Faramarz Pourasghar, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
  Discover Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The subliminal interactions of the dimensions of employee engagement with employee performance
  Hangwani Raymond Ravhudzulo, Chukuakadibia Eresia-Eke
  Frontiers in Organizational Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the relationship between temperament traits, psychological symptoms, and functional disability assessed with the WHODAS 2.0 in persons with multiple sclerosis
  Carmenrita Infortuna, Maria Buccafusca, Anita Maria Stella Graceffa, Enrica Maiorana, Ray Wang, Siddarth Ganesh, Orion Yedidia, Antonio Bruno, Fiammetta Iannuzzo, Florian P. Thomas, Fortunato Battaglia
  Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measurement Properties and Minimal Important Change of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 in Persons With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
  Jessica J. Wong, Astrid DeSouza, Sheilah Hogg-Johnson, Wouter De Groote, Danielle Southerst, Melissa Belchos, Nadège Lemeunier, Stephanie Alexopulos, Hamid Varmazyar, Silvano A. Mior, Paula J. Stern, Margareta C. Nordin, Anne Taylor-Vaisey, Alarcos Cieza,
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2023; 104(2): 287.     CrossRef
• Investigating and comparing disabilities caused by substance abuse using Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0)
  Mahta Sangestani, Younes Mohammadi, Yadollah Hamidi, Mohammad Babamiri
  Journal of Substance Use.2023; 28(6): 989.     CrossRef
• Psychometric evaluation of the WHODAS 2.0 and prevalence of disability in a Swedish general population
  Paulina Norén, Jan Karlsson, Emma Ohlsson-Nevo, Margareta Möller, Liselotte Hermansson
  Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measuring disability in multiple sclerosis: the WHODAS 2.0
  Carolyn A. Young, David J. Rog, Basil Sharrack, Cris Constantinescu, Seema Kalra, Tim Harrower, Dawn Langdon, Alan Tennant, Roger J. Mills
  Quality of Life Research.2023; 32(11): 3235.     CrossRef
• Factor Structure of an ICF-Based Measure of Activity and Participations for Adults in Taiwan's Disability Eligibility Determination System
  Hua-Fang Liao, Chia-Feng Yen, Tzu-Ying Chiu, Wen-Chou Chi, Tsan-Hon Liou, Ben-Sheng Chang, Ting-Fang Wu, Shu-Jen Lu
  Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychometric properties of the 12-item WHODAS applied through phone survey: an experience in PERSIAN Traffic Cohort
  Nasrin Shahedifar, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mostafa Farahbakhsh, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
  Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measuring health and disability of Ukrainian cadets – translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the WHODAS 2.0
  Kateryna Tymruk-Skoropad, Ostap Muzyka, Iuliia Pavlova
  Physiotherapy Quarterly.2022; 31(4): 49.     CrossRef
• The 12 items Amharic version WHODAS-2 showed cultural adaptation and used to measure disability among road traffic trauma victims in Ethiopia
  Zewditu Abdissa Denu, Mensur Osman Yassin, Telake Azale Bisetegn, Gashaw Andargie Biks, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
  BMC Psychology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish self-rated 36-item version of WHODAS 2.0 for use in psychiatric populations – using classical test theory
  Robin Midhage, Liselotte Hermansson, Per Söderberg, Stefan Tungström, Axel Nordenskjöld, Cecilia Svanborg, Ylva Ginsberg, Mia Ramklint
  Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.2021; 75(7): 494.     CrossRef

Background
The postpartum period has been advocated as a way to improve the survival of mothers and newborns. However, the status of the recommended number of postnatal care (PNC) services has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of full PNC visits and factors associated with it among mothers.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was performed among 1,109 women from March to April 29, 2017. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, recorded using EPI INFO ver. 7.0 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA) and analyzed by STATA ver. 12.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the predictors of the recommended frequency of PNC services. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at 95% confidence interval (CIs) were performed. P-values <0.05 were declared statistically significant.
Results
Status of compliance with the use of full PNC services was found to be 16.1%. Women who had antenatal care follow-up (aOR, 5.60; 95% CI, 2.50 to 12.55) and women who delivered at health institutions (aOR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.74 to 7.70) were more likely to have full PNC visits. Proximity of women to health facilities was found to lower the odds of complete PNC visits (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.56). Moreover, district of residence remains a predictor of service use.
Conclusion
The percentage of women with full PNC visits was found to be low. Therefore, to achieve the recommended frequency of PNC in the study area, the results of this study suggest a need to strengthen the uptake of ANC and institutional delivery services.

Citations

• Spatial patterns and determinants of low utilization of delivery care service and postnatal check-up within 2 months following birth in Ethiopia: Bivariate analysis
  Shegaw Mamaru Awoke, Frezer Tilahun Getaneh, Muluwerk Ayele Derebe, Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0297038.     CrossRef
• Exploring the Influence of Sociodemographic Characteristics on the Utilization of Maternal Health Services: A Study on Community Health Centers Setting in Province of Jambi, Indonesia
  Herwansyah Herwansyah, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Stavroula Kalaitzi, Peter Schröder-Bäck
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8459.     CrossRef
• Spatial distribution and determinants of newbornsnot receiving postnatal check-up withintwodays after birth in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis of EDHS 2016
  Destaye Guadie Kassie, Nega Tezera Assimamaw, Tadesse Tarik Tamir, Tewodros Getaneh Alemu, Masresha Asmare Techane, Chalachew Adugna Wubneh, Getaneh Mulualem Belay, Amare Wondim Ewuntie, Bewuketu Terefe, Adiss Bilal Muhye, Bethelihem Tigabu Tarekegn, Moha
  BMC Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization among women in Ethiopia
  Abdu Seid, Mohammed Ahmed
  BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants of postnatal checkup for newborns in Ethiopia: Further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey
  Abdu Seid, Mohammed Ahmed
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef