A 41 year-old man had suffered from cough, sputum and febrile sense for several months. On the chest CT scan, small nodules, cystic air spaces, and pneumothorax were observed. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adult is an uncommon granulomatous disease of unknown cause, which affects the lung, either in isolation or in addition to other organ systems. The pulmonary symptoms at the time of presentation were nonspecific, and symptoms by the involvement of other organs occur sometimes. Pneumothoraces commonly were complicated the course of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and frequently recurred. We report a pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pneumothorax in adult.

Background
: Smoking is a very dangerous behavior and people know that it will lead to fatal health problems. But many people continue to smoke. We studied psychiatric aspect of smoking.

Methods : We distributed self-questionnaire to people who visited Dong-San Medical Hospital for periodical examination and checkups between the months of April and June, 1996. It consisted of inquiries on their smoking status and symptom check list for minor psychiatric disorders(SCL-MPD). Among the total of 147 men 58 were current smokers, 63 non-smokers, 26 ex-smokers. We compared minor psychiatric differences between each groups by Student t-test.

Results : The mean age of current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were 44.9±8.9, 44.8±8.4 and 46.6±9.6, respectively. Among 10 dimensions of SCL-MPD, the smokers (includes current smokers and ex-smokers) had significantly higher scores on anger-hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive dimensions than those of non-smokers(P<0.05). When comparing with current smokers and non-smokers, current smokers had significantly higher scores on anger-hostility and obsessive-compulsive dimensions(P<0.05). Between ex-smokers and non-smokers, ex-smokers had significantly higher scores on anger-hostility and obsessive-compulsive dimensions(P<0.05). But, no significant differences were observed between current smokers and ex-smokers.

Conclusion : Smokers(current smokers and ex-smokers) were highly associated with anger-hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive disorders compared to non-smokers. But, no minor psychiatric differences were observed between current smokers and ex-smokers.