Korean Journal of Family Medicine

"dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry"

Original Articles

Low Bone Mineral Density Is Associated with High-Frequency Hearing Impairment in Women Over 50: An Observational Study in Korea: Sang-Hoon Lee, Seung-Soo Lee, Hun-Yi Park, Bom-Taeck Kim; Received August 8, 2023 Accepted August 23, 2024 Published online November 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0130 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract
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Background
Osteoporosis and hearing impairment are known to be associated, but specific data regarding gender, bone mineral density (BMD) measurement sites, and hearing frequency ranges remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between hearing loss and BMD in adults over the age of 50. Additionally, the study sought to determine the frequency ranges of pure tone audiometry (PTA) related to osteoporosis, identify BMD measurement sites, and investigate gender differences.
Methods
A total of 1,523 adults (651 men and 872 women) over the age of 50, who participated in a medical health check-up at a university hospital, were included. PTA was conducted to assess hearing, and BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar vertebrae (LV) and femur.
Results
In women over the age of 50, a significant association was observed between hearing impairment and osteoporosis (P<0.01), but no such association was found in men. Lumbar BMD (L1–4) in women was significantly associated with hearing loss at 4,000 and 8,000 Hz (both P<0.05), whereas femoral neck and total femur BMD showed no significant relationship. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) between osteoporosis and hearing threshold at 4,000 Hz (OR, 2.078; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.092–3.954) and 8,000 Hz (OR, 2.648; 95% CI, 1.543–4.544) remained statistically significant in women after adjusting for age and other risk factors.
Conclusion
In women over the age of 50, low BMD at the LV is significantly associated with hearing impairment, particularly at the high frequencies of 4,000 and 8,000 Hz.

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Association between Appendicular Fat Mass and Metabolic Risk Factors: Si Young Park, Kil Young Kwon, Jung Hwan Kim, Hyung Hwa Choi, Kun Hee Han, Jee Hye Han; Korean J Fam Med 2014;35(4):182-189. Published online July 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2014.35.4.182

Abstract
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Background

Different regional fat depots have different effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between body fat distribution as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and metabolic risk factors and to disclose whether there is any difference between groups with and without metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods

A total of 292 participants (98 men, 194 women) over 19 years old underwent whole-body DEXA to evaluate body composition with respect to the whole body, leg, arm, and android regions. Anthropometry and blood tests for metabolic risks were measured.

Results

One hundred and seven participants were diagnosed with MS. The MS group had significantly higher android fat (%) and had lower leg fat (%), arm fat (%), and appendicular (arms + legs) fat (%) than the non-MS group. Android fat (%) had a positive correlation with waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, log insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and had a negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Appendicular fat (%) had a negative correlation with WC, SBP, DBP, glucose, log insulin, HbA1c, and TG, and had a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol. The association of appendicular fat with metabolic risk was consistently observed in non-MS, but the association was not observed except for SBP, glucose and log insulin in MS.

Conclusion

In contrast with the adverse effects of android fat, appendicular fat distribution was associated with decreased risks of MS. The protective effect of appendicular fat against metabolic risk factors in non-MS was less characteristic in MS.

Citations

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The Usefulness of InBody 720 and Anthropometric Measurement Compared with Dual- energy X-ray Absorptiometry as a Diagnostic Tool of Childhood Obesity.: Byoung Ki Cho, Jee Hyun Kang, Jeong Seok Lee, Byung Yeon Yu; J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(7):523-531. Published online July 10, 2007

Abstract
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Background
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is frequently used to diagnose obesity in clinical setting, but the usefulness of BIA in children is not become known accurately. We analyzed the usefulness of BIA and anthropometric measurement compared with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a diagnostic tool of childhood obesity. Methods: 205 volunteer primary and middle school children were recruited. We measured weight and height, and analyzed the body composition by BIA and DXA. By paired t-test and Bland-Altman plots, mean difference and limit of agreement were calculated between DXA and BIA according to sex and age groups. Sensitivity and specificity were displayed with the gold standard of PBF above 35% by DXA. Results: There was significantly positive correlation between DXA and BIA in fat mass (FM) (r=0.982, P＜0.001), fat free mass (FFM) (r=0.990, P＜0.001), and percent body fat (PBF) (r=0.956, P＜0.001). Mean difference between DXA and BIA in FM, FFM, and PBF were ⁣0.4⁑1.4 kg (P＜0.001), ⁣0.6⁑1.3 kg (P＜0.001), and 0.5⁑2.8% (P=0.016), respectively. Limit of agreement in FM, FFM, and PBF were ⁣0.4⁑2.7 kg, ⁣0.6⁑2.5 kg, and 0.5⁑5.5%, respectively. The most sensitive method of diagnosis of obesity was Korean BMI standards for 85 percentile (94.7%) and IOTF BMI 25 kg/m²(94.7%). The sensitivity and specificity by BIA were 90.7% and 97.7%. Conclusions: BIA was not interchangeable with DXA. However because of higher diagnostic accuracy and correlation, it could be used to measure body composition as simple field method. We recommend Korean BMI standards for 85 percentile or IOTF BMI 25 kg/m² as the screening test for diagnosis of Korean childhood obesity. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:523-531)