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"sensitivity"

Original Article

Background
Evidence regarding the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and insulin resistance in a non-diabetic population is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between relative HGS and insulin resistance in older men without diabetes, using a representative sample of the Korean male population.
Methods
The study population comprised 206 participants aged 65–80 years, selected from the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper tertile of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for insulin resistance were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results
The prevalence of insulin resistance decreased with increasing relative HGS. The prevalence in the T1, T2, and T3 groups was 46.0%, 32.2%, and 26.4%, respectively. Compared with the individuals in the highest tertile of relative HGS, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for insulin resistance in individuals in the lowest quartile was 2.82 (1.10–7.21) after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, residential area, household income, and education level.
Conclusion
Lower relative HGS was inversely associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in older Korean men without diabetes. In clinical practice, relative HGS, which is a simple and inexpensive tool, could be a useful measure for identifying older men with insulin resistance. Moreover, these findings suggest that muscle strengthening exercises should be considered to reduce insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Analysis of Handgrip Strength with Insulin Resistance in Male and Female Indonesian Adults
    Liong Boy Kurniawan, Sabilla Sheridan, Andi Wali Syafaat, Andi Ainun Zulkiah Surur, Naurah Nadhifah, Ichlas Nanang Afandi, Andi Ariyandy, Muhammad Iqbal Basri, Aminuddin Aminuddin
    INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY.2025; 31(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • Guidelines for physical activity counseling in primary healthcare clinics
    Yun Jun Yang
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 265.     CrossRef
  • Dietary patterns and the risk of diabetes in Korean adults: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study
    Jiyoung Hwang, Hyesook Kim, Oran Kwon
    Nutrition.2024; 125: 112491.     CrossRef
  • Correlation between low handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a systematic review
    Joana da Costa d'Avila, Talel Georges Moreira El Nabbout, Hayfa Georges Moreira El Nabbout, Aline dos Santos Silva, Antonio Carlos Barbosa Ramos, Eliana Rosa da Fonseca, Aluana Santana Carlos, Rodrigo de Azeredo Siqueira
    Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Handgrip strength in type 2 diabetics and nondiabetics: A comparative cross-sectional study among adults in rural Mysore
    Deepak ANIL, M. RAKESH, Shabeena AKBAR, Vijaylakshmi Rao VADAGA, D. Sunil KUMAR
    Journal of Integrative Nursing.2024; 6(3): 150.     CrossRef
  • Association of relative handgrip strength on the development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Koreans
    Yeo Ju Sohn, Hong Soo Lee, Hasuk Bae, Hee Cheol Kang, Hyejin Chun, Insun Ryou, Eun Jee Chang, Sungchan Kang, Sang Wha Lee, Kyung Won Shim, Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0309558.     CrossRef
  • Association between handgrip strength and mortality risk among cardiovascular disease patients: A cohort study from the NHANES 2011–2014
    Zhengjie Qin, Youhua Guo, Weilin Yang, Zhuoran Kuang, Guoming Li
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia among patients undergoing hemodialysis
    Ting Xiang, Ping Fu, Li Zhou
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationships of neck circumference and abdominal obesity with insulin resistance considering relative handgrip strength in middle-aged and older individuals
    Kayoung Lee
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2023; 114: 105097.     CrossRef
  • 5,446 View
  • 117 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref

Brief Communication

Prediction of Food Allergens Sensitization Based on History Taking Technique in Young Children
Jeongmin Lee, Kyunguk Jeong, Eunjoo Lee, Sooyoung Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(5):407-410.   Published online September 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0033
Background
The diagnosis of food allergies needs to be confirmed through an oral food challenge (OFC). However, specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) concentrations analyzed by serological tests are also helpful in determining OFC items and predicting the presence of allergic reactions. Unfortunately, there is a limit to the number of antigens that can be simultaneously evaluated at one time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the possibility of detecting sIgE antibodies against food using clues in self-reported food allergy symptoms.
Methods
Medical records of 377 patients aged 3 years or younger were collected for egg white-, cow’s milk-, walnut- and soybean-sIgE sensitization, and related clinical history. Each clinical history was classified into class 1: direct-isolated intake resulting in anaphylaxis or hives with consistent clincical history; class 2a: class 1 with inconsistency; class 2b: indirect-mixed intake resulting in anaphylaxis or hives regardless of consistency; class 2c: direct/indirect-isolated/mixed intake resulting in itching without hives, vomiting, or diarrhea with consistent clincical history; or class 3: class 2c with inconsistency or asymptomatic to direct, isolated exposure.
Results
The area under the curve (AUC) of class 1 for cow’s milk was 0.790, and the accuracy was 78.0%. The AUC of class 1 and 2 for egg white was better than that of class 1 (0.750), and the accuracy rate was 77.6%. The AUCs of class 1 for walnut and soybean were 0.775 and 0.662, respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, sIgE sensitization to foods could be predicted by the combination of exposure and selfreported symptoms in children under 3 years of age.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Oral Food Challenge in Children with Tree Nut and Peanut Allergy: The Predictive Value of Diagnostic Tests
    Ludovica Cela, Alessandro Gravina, Antonio Semeraro, Francesca Pastore, Rebecca Morelli, Lavinia Marchetti, Giulia Brindisi, Francesca Olivero, Maria Grazia Piccioni, Anna Maria Zicari, Caterina Anania
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(18): 2069.     CrossRef
  • 4,153 View
  • 77 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref

Original Articles

Association between C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
Youhyun Song, Soo Kyung Yang, Jungeun Kim, Duk-Chul Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2019;40(2):116-123.   Published online October 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.17.0075
Background
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, and obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation are the known risk factors. However, results of previous studies regarding the relationship between MetS and inflammation have not been consistent. This study aimed to identify the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and MetS and its components in obese and non-obese men and women.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015), and a nationally representative sample of 3,013 Korean adults aged 40–78 years were included. Those with cardiovascular disease, cancer, CRP level >10 mg/L, white blood cell count >10,000/mm3 , chronic kidney disease, and lung/liver disease were excluded.
Results
Approximately 11.0%, 50.0%, 8.4%, and 48.8% of non-obese men, obese men, non-obese women, and obese women presented with MetS (P<0.001), respectively. In all four groups, those who presented with MetS or its components showed a higher high-sensitivity (hs-CRP) average than those without. Multivariate regression analysis showed the increased risk of developing MetS with higher quartiles of hs-CRP level in obese (3rd and 4th quartiles: odds ratios [ORs], 3.87 and 2.57, respectively) and non-obese women (4th quartile: OR, 2.63). The different components also showed increased ORs in the four groups. However, no statistically significant trend in the relationship was found in men.
Conclusion
Low-grade inflammation may increase the risk of MetS in Korean women independent of adiposity. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the present study, further studies must be conducted to identify the causal relationship between inflammation and metabolic disorders.

Citations

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  • Association of GGT and hs-CRP with hypertension across different glycemic states in Saudi adults: A cross-sectional study
    Basmah Eldakhakhny, Sumia Enani, Suhad Bahijri, Ghada Ajabnoor, Jawaher Al-Ahmadi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Hanan Jambi, Amani Matook Alhozali, Anwar Borai, Jaakko Tuomilehto
    Heliyon.2025; 11(4): e42880.     CrossRef
  • Association between Korean Healthy Eating Index and abdominal obesity in Korean adults: the mediating effect of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
    Jina Yoon, Dayeon Shin
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(1): 88.     CrossRef
  • Association of Three Novel Inflammatory Markers: Lymphocyte to HDL‐C Ratio, High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein to HDL‐C Ratio and High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio With Metabolic Syndrome
    Rana Kolahi Ahari, Nazanin Akbari, Negin Babaeepoor, Zahra Fallahi, Sara Saffar Soflaei, Gordon Ferns, Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Mohsen Moohebati, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
    Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling adults: longitudinal findings over a 12-year follow-up period
    Taekyeong Lim, Yong-Jae Lee
    Endocrine.2024; 86(1): 156.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in Biochemical Analyses, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Their Correlation with CRP in Healthy Mexican Individuals
    Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia, Alejandra Soledad González-Gómez, Laura Arely Carrillo-Delgadillo, Ana Míriam Saldaña-Cruz, Ingrid Patricia Dávalos-Rodríguez
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(9): 904.     CrossRef
  • Systemic Inflammation Across Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Adults Using High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(21): 11540.     CrossRef
  • The Interplay of Stress, Inflammation, and Metabolic Factors in the Course of Parkinson’s Disease
    Tal Ben Shaul, Dan Frenkel, Tanya Gurevich
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(22): 12409.     CrossRef
  • Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke
    Anna Mirończuk, Katarzyna Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna Socha, Jolanta Soroczyńska, Jacek Jamiołkowski, Monika Chorąży, Agata Czarnowska, Agnieszka Mitrosz, Alina Kułakowska, Jan Kochanowicz
    Nutrients.2023; 15(6): 1434.     CrossRef
  • Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly population: Based on the 2015 CHARLS
    Tengrui Cao, Chao Tong, Aheyeerke Halengbieke, Xuetong Ni, Jianmin Tang, Deqiang Zheng, Xiuhua Guo, Xinghua Yang
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2023; 33(7): 1339.     CrossRef
  • A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic inflammation
    Seema Mehdi, Shahid Ud Din Wani, K.L. Krishna, Nabeel Kinattingal, Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
    Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2023; 36: 101571.     CrossRef
  • C-Reactive Protein as a Marker of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Mihaela-Andreea Podeanu, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Mihaela Simona Subțirelu, Mioara Desdemona Stepan, Claudiu-Marinel Ionele, Dan-Ionuț Gheonea, Bianca Ștefănița Vintilescu, Raluca Elena Sandu
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(11): 2961.     CrossRef
  • Emerging Perspectives on the Set of Conditions That Lead to the Emergence of Metabolic Syndrome
    Bogdan M. Tarcău, Laura G. Vicaș, Lorena Filip, Florin Maghiar, Mircea Șandor, Annamaria Pallag, Tunde Jurca, Mariana Eugenia Mureșan, Eleonora Marian
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 14(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of metabolic syndrome and related factors in married pre-menopausal white- and blue-collar woman
    Seungmi Park, Chul-Gyu Kim, Youngji Kim
    Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2022; 77(9): 744.     CrossRef
  • Self-rated health may be a predictor for metabolic syndrome and high hs-CRP prevalences in healthy adults in South Korea: Based on the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Mi Joung Kim, In Woo Kim
    Nutrition Research.2022; 102: 71.     CrossRef
  • Effect of weekend catch-up sleep on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels according to bedtime inconsistency: a population-based cross-sectional study
    Soyoung Park, Dong Yoon Kang, Hyungwoo Ahn, Namwoo Kim, Jeong-Hwa Yoon, Bo Ram Yang
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of night shift on development of metabolic syndrome among health care workers
    Jyotirmayee Bahinipati, Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Mona Pathak, Srikrushna Mohapatra
    Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2022; 11(5): 1710.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Low Vegetable Consumption, Increased High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Level, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Korean Adults with Tae-Eumin: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jieun Kim, Kyoungsik Jeong, Siwoo Lee, Younghwa Baek, Swee Keong Yeap
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins, Curry Consumption, and Heavy Metal Levels on Metabolic Syndrome with Comorbidities: A Korean Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Hai Nguyen Duc, Hojin Oh, Min-Sun Kim
    Antioxidants.2021; 10(5): 808.     CrossRef
  • High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Relationship with Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors
    Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska, Anna Gluba-Brzózka, Beata Franczyk, Jacek Rysz
    Life.2021; 11(8): 742.     CrossRef
  • Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population
    Hai Duc Nguyen, Hojin Oh, Ngoc Hong Minh Hoang, Min-Sun Kim
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Can biomarkers be used to improve diagnosis and prediction of metabolic syndrome in childhood cancer survivors? A systematic review
    Vincent G. Pluimakers, Selveta S. van Santen, Marta Fiocco, Marie‐Christine E. Bakker, Aart J. van der Lelij, Marry M. van den Heuvel‐Eibrink, Sebastian J. C. M. M. Neggers
    Obesity Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combined Effects of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation on Comorbidities of Type 2 Diabetes
    Eun Jung Kim, Eun Young Lee, Yong-Ho Lee, Young Ju Choi, Seok Won Park, Eun Jig Lee, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(3): 207.     CrossRef
  • Significance of C-reactive protein determination in patients with metabolic syndrome
    Dušan Miljković, Slađana Todorović
    Medicinski casopis.2021; 55(2): 51.     CrossRef
  • Serum alkaline phosphatase level is positively associated with metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based study
    Ji-Hye Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Hye-Min Park, Yong-Jae Lee
    Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 500: 189.     CrossRef
  • The association between C-reactive protein and common blood tests in apparently healthy individuals undergoing a routine health examination
    Tomer Ziv-Baran, Asaf Wasserman, Ilana Goldiner, Moshe Stark, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, Itzhak Shapira, David Zeltser, Inna Mailis, Shlomo Berliner, Ori Rogowski
    Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 501: 33.     CrossRef
  • High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Leads to Increased Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Women but Not in Men: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in a Chinese Population


    Guo-bao Hong, Pei-chun Gao, Yun-ying Chen, Yue Xia, Xiao-su Ke, Xiao-fei Shao, Chong-xiang Xiong, Hai-shan Chen, Hua Xiao, Jing Ning, He-qun Zou
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 581.     CrossRef
  • Clinical and Pathogenic Characteristics of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Treated at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital
    Hien T. Pham, Phuc T. T. Nguyen, Sinh T. Tran, Thuy T. B. Phung
    Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
  • Association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome components in middle-aged subjects without overt cardiovascular disease in LitHiR primary prevention programme
    Ieva Marija Saulė, Jurgita Mikolaitytė, Jolita Badarienė, Jūratė Zupkauskienė, Roma Puronaitė, Alma Čypienė, Aleksandras Laucevičius
    Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine.2020; 26(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • Associations of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality with Metabolic Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Single-Center Study
    Zorica Dimitrijevic, Andriana Jovanovic, Mina Cvetkovic, Tamara Vrecic, Emina Kostic, Branka Mitic
    Medicina.2019; 55(10): 694.     CrossRef
  • 8,499 View
  • 221 Download
  • 24 Web of Science
  • 29 Crossref
Usefulness of Heavy Drinking and Binge Drinking for the Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder
Seong Gu Kim, Jong Sung Kim, Han Ju Pack, Han Na Sung
Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(4):214-220.   Published online July 21, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.4.214
Background

This research investigated the sensitivity and specificity of heavy and binge drinking for screening of alcohol use disorder.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted with 976 adults who visited the Sun Health Screening Center for health screenings in 2015. Daily drinking amount, drinking frequency per week, and weekly drinking amount were investigated. Using criteria from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, participants were classified as normal drinkers, heavy drinkers, or binge drinkers, and grouped by age and sex. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of heavy and binge drinking were compared for the diagnosis of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 4th edition-text revision and alcohol use disorder using the DSM 5th edition.

Results

The sensitivity of heavy and binge drinking for the diagnosis of alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and alcohol use disorder were 51.7%, 43.8%, and 35.3%, and 69.0%, 62.5%, and 48.2%, respectively. The specificity of these were 90.1%, 91.7%, and 95.5%, and 84.3%, 86.8%, and 91.2%, respectively. The PPV of these were 24.8%, 40.5%, and 72.7%, and 21.7%, 38.0%, and 65.2%, respectively. The NPV of these were 96.7%, 92.6%, and 81.2%, and 97.8%, 94.7%, and 83.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

Heavy and binge drinking did not show enough diagnostic power to screen DSM alcohol use disorder although they did show high specificity and NPV.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • ELSA cohort 2014: association of age of first drink and progression from first drink to drunkenness on alcohol outcomes in Argentinean college freshmen
    Belén del Valle Vera, Angelina Pilatti, Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
    The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.2020; 46(1): 58.     CrossRef
  • ELSA 2014 Cohort: Risk Factors Associated With Heavy Episodic Drinking Trajectories in Argentinean College Students
    Belén del Valle Vera, Angelina Pilatti, Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
    Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High Alcohol–Preferring Mice Show Reaction to Loss of Ethanol Reward Following Repeated Binge Drinking
    Cherish E. Ardinger, Nicholas J. Grahame, Christopher C. Lapish, David N. Linsenbardt
    Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.2020; 44(9): 1717.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Usefulness of Korean Standard on Heavy Drinking for the DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder
    Seong Gu Kim, Jong Sung Kim, Han Ju Pack, Han Na Sung
    Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(2): 91.     CrossRef
  • 4,533 View
  • 30 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
Accuracy of Korean-Mini-Mental Status Examination Based on Seoul Neuro-Psychological Screening Battery II Results
In-Woong Kang, In-Gyu Beom, Ji-Yeon Cho, Hyo-Rim Son
Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(3):177-181.   Published online May 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.3.177
Background

The Korean-Mini-Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) is a dementia-screening test that can be easily applied in both community and clinical settings. However, in 20% to 30% of cases, the K-MMSE produces a false negative response. This suggests that it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of K-MMSE as a screening test for dementia, which can be achieved through comparison of K-MMSE and Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB)-II results.

Methods

The study included 713 subjects (male 534, female 179; mean age, 69.3±6.9 years). All subjects were assessed using K-MMSE and SNSB-II tests, the results of which were divided into normal and abnormal in 15 percentile standards.

Results

The sensitivity of the K-MMSE was 48.7%, with a specificity of 89.9%. The incidence of false positive and negative results totaled 10.1% and 51.2%, respectively. In addition, the positive predictive value of the K-MMSE was 87.1%, while the negative predictive value was 55.6%. The false-negative group showed cognitive impairments in regions of memory and executive function. Subsequently, in the false-positive group, subjects demonstrated reduced performance in memory recall, time orientation, attention, and calculation of K-MMSE items.

Conclusion

The results obtained in the study suggest that cognitive function might still be impaired even if an individual obtained a normal score on the K-MMSE. If the K-MMSE is combined with tests of memory or executive function, the accuracy of dementia diagnosis could be greatly improved.

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    Da-Som Lee, Ji-Youn Kim, Jun-Seon Choi
    Applied Sciences.2024; 14(22): 10560.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 898.     CrossRef
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    Eun Hyun Seo
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Case Report

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Arising in a Patient with Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites
Jin Hee Kang, Ji Hae Lee, Miri Kim, Baik Kee Cho, Chan Hee Song, Sun Myeong Ock, Hyun Jeong Park
Korean J Fam Med 2015;36(1):35-41.   Published online January 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2015.36.1.35

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is defined as the appearance of intense skin reactive lesions and systemic symptoms subsequent to mosquito bites. Most cases of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites reported thus far have been associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection or natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. In this study, we describe the case of an 18-year-old Korean boy who had hypersensitivity to mosquito bites associated with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. After a mosquito bite, the patient developed a progressive cutaneous nodule on his left lower leg and regional lymphadenopathy in the left inguinal area. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings suggested anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the left T4 vertebrae, left external iliac lymph nodes, left inguinal lymph nodes, and lateral subcutaneous region of the left lower leg. According to the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, as well as the imaging data, the patient was diagnosed with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Consequently, the patient received a total of 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone chemotherapy at 3-week intervals, after which the lesions regressed.

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  • Primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma with DUSP22‐IRF4 rearrangement following insect bites
    Yaping Zhang, Min Chen, Yu Yu, Xiaoyu Liu, Weiping Liu, Lijun Jiang, Wenyan Zhang
    Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.2022; 49(2): 187.     CrossRef
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    Litao Wang, Yuwen Su, Jianzhong Zhang, Haiquan Wen, Guiying Zhang
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    Ryanne A. Brown, Sebastian Fernandez‐Pol, Jinah Kim
    Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.2017; 44(6): 570.     CrossRef
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    Xianglan Mo, Wenwen Guo, Hongtao Ye
    Medicine.2015; 94(34): e1443.     CrossRef
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  • 29 Download
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Original Articles
The Association between Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults
So-Won Chung, Sung-Goo Kang, Jun-Seung Rho, Ha-Na Kim, In-Sun Song, Yun-Ah Lee, Soo-Jeong Heo, Sang-Wook Song
Korean J Fam Med 2013;34(6):420-428.   Published online November 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.420
Background

In this Study, we investigated the effects of lifestyle and metabolic syndrome on free oxygen radical levels in men and women in Korea.

Methods

A total of 254 adults were included in this study from February 2011 to June 2012 at a health promotion center. Information of the lifestyles and presence of metabolic syndrome factors was obtained. Biochemical markers were measured and free oxygen radicals test (FORT) was performed on the blood.

Results

Of the 254 subjects, 86 (33.9%) had metabolic syndrome, and 187 (73.6%) were men. Between the subjects with and without metabolic syndrome, there was a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase and serum FORT values in the subjects with metabolic syndrome. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.004), metabolic syndrome (P = 0.037), and female gender (P = 0.030) were independent predictors of serum FORT values. The subjects with high fasting blood sugar level or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed high serum FORT values.

Conclusion

High hs-CRP, the presence of metabolic syndrome, and female gender were associated with the high oxidative stress. High oxidative stress was associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome.

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    Serap Ozer Yaman, Fulya Balaban Yucesan, Asım Orem, Cihan Orem, Birgul Vanizor Kural, Huseyin Yaman
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    Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas, Nur Aisiyah Widjaja, Meta Herdiana Hanindita, Roedi Irawan
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    Maryam Abbasian, Mehri Delvarianzadeh, Hossein Ebrahimi, Farideh Khosravi, Pirasteh Nourozi
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    Romina Hernández-Salinas, Valerie Decap, Alberto Leguina, Patricio Cáceres, Druso Perez, Ines Urquiaga, Rodrigo Iturriaga, Victoria Velarde
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  • Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome
    Viroj Wiwanitkit
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2014; 35(1): 44.     CrossRef
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  • 34 Download
  • 11 Crossref
Assessment of Lifestyle Effects on the Levels of Free Oxygen Radicals in the Korean Population
Yun-Ah Lee, Sung-Goo Kang, Se-Hong Kim, Seo-Jin Park, Ha-Na Kim, In-Sun Song, Sang-Wook Song
Korean J Fam Med 2012;33(5):296-304.   Published online September 27, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.5.296
Background

As many studies revealed that oxidative stress due to the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity is related with pathologic processes such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as aging and obesity, the relationship between lifestyle and oxidative stress has recently gained much medical attention. However, little information exists on the effects of lifestyle on ROS in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of lifestyle on free oxygen radical levels in men and women in Korea.

Methods

A total of 138 adults participated in this study from September 2007 to June 2010 at a health promotion center and department of family medicine. Information on the lifestyle of each participant was obtained by questionnaire. Biochemical markers and a free oxygen radical test (FORT) were also measured.

Results

The average age was 47.28 ± 10.85 years and 79.7% were male. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; r = 0.418, P = 0.012), triglycerides (r = -0.243, P = 0.008), hemoglobin (r = -0.445, P < 0.001), total protein (r = 0.210, P = 0.036), creatinine (r = -0.294, P = 0.001), fruit intake per day (P = 0.047), and smoking (P = 0.003) were related to the FORT levels in univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hs-CRP (P = 0.039) was an independent predictor of serum FORT values. This statistical model can explain 78% of the variance in FORT values.

Conclusion

This result suggests that hs-CRP showed a statistically significant positive association with FORT values. Further studies on the relationship between lifestyle and antioxidant capacity as well as ROS seem to be warranted to evaluate the overall effect of oxidative stress.

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  • Powerful Plant Antioxidants: A New Biosustainable Approach to the Production of Rosmarinic Acid
    Abbas Khojasteh, Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili, Miguel Angel Alcalde, Rosa M. Cusido, Regine Eibl, Javier Palazon
    Antioxidants.2020; 9(12): 1273.     CrossRef
  • A Case–Control Study Examining the Effects of Active Versus Sedentary Lifestyles on Measures of Body Iron Burden and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women
    Wally Bartfay, Emma Bartfay
    Biological Research For Nursing.2014; 16(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • The Association between Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults
    So-Won Chung, Sung-Goo Kang, Jun-Seung Rho, Ha-Na Kim, In-Sun Song, Yun-Ah Lee, Soo-Jeong Heo, Sang-Wook Song
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2013; 34(6): 420.     CrossRef
  • 4,341 View
  • 23 Download
  • 3 Crossref
Association of Serum Total Bilirubin with Serum High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Middle-aged Men
Kiwoong Yu, Cheolhwan Kim, Eunju Sung, Hocheol Shin, Hyewon Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2011;32(6):327-333.   Published online September 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2011.32.6.327
Background

It has been suggested that bilirubin has an inverse association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its antioxidant properties. However, there are few data regarding the relationship between serum total bilirubin (sTB) and risk factors for CVD in Koreans. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sTB and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which is an independent risk factor for CVD.

Methods

We performed a cross sectional study in 6,800 men who were examined at a health promotion center at a university hospital in Korea between May 2005 and June 2006. We grouped the subjects according to values of serum hsCRP (above or below 1.0 mg/L) and compared the characteristics of the two groups. To evaluate the relationship between sTB and hsCRP, we classified the subjects according to quartile values of sTB. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship of levels of sTB and hsCRP after adjusting for known risk factors for CVD.

Results

Serum hsCRP was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes, hypertension, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (TC/HDL-C) ratio, but not with age or alcohol use. As levels of sTB increased, there was a decrease in age, numbers of smokers, BMI, and TC/HDL ratio. Compared to the lowest quartile of sTB, levels of hsCRP decreased with odds ratios of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.88), and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.74) in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of bilirubin, respectively.

Conclusion

Bilirubin may be inversely associated with hsCRP

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  • Serum Bilirubin and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Healthy Population and in Patients with Various Forms of Atherosclerosis
    Libor Vítek, Alena Jirásková, Ivana Malíková, Gabriela Dostálová, Lenka Eremiášová, Vilém Danzig, Aleš Linhart, Martin Haluzík
    Antioxidants.2022; 11(11): 2118.     CrossRef
  • Association of Serum Bilirubin Level with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1672 Obese Children
    Cristina Bellarosa, Giorgio Bedogni, Annalisa Bianco, Sabrina Cicolini, Diana Caroli, Claudio Tiribelli, Alessandro Sartorio
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(13): 2812.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2021; 192: 1150.     CrossRef
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    Anas Ahmad, Md. Meraj Ansari, Ajay Kumar, Akshay Vyawahare, Rakesh Kumar Mishra, Govindasamy Jayamurugan, Syed Shadab Raza, Rehan Khan
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    Chul-Hyun Park, Jong Geol Do, Yong-Taek Lee, Kyung Jae Yoon
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    Sangbin Han, Ju Dong Yang, Dong Hyun Sinn, Justin Sangwook Ko, Jong Man Kim, Jun Chul Shin, Hee Jeong Son, Mi Sook Gwak, Jae-Won Joh, Gaab Soo Kim
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    Zhen‐Xing Zhou, Jian‐Kui Chen, Yan‐Ying Hong, Ru Zhou, Dong‐Mei Zhou, Li‐Yun Sun, Wen‐Li Qin, Tian‐Cheng Wang
    Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2016; 30(5): 768.     CrossRef
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    Suparna Roy, Ushasi Banerjee, Anindya Dasgupta
    Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry.2016; 31(1): 43.     CrossRef
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    Sangbin Han, Sang-Man Jin, Justin Sangwook Ko, Young Ri Kim, Mi Sook Gwak, Hee Jeong Son, Jae-Won Joh, Gaab Soo Kim, Stanislaw Stepkowski
    PLOS ONE.2016; 11(7): e0156957.     CrossRef
  • Body Fat Percentage Is a Major Determinant of Total Bilirubin Independently of UGT1A1*28 Polymorphism in Young Obese
    Luís Belo, Henrique Nascimento, Michaela Kohlova, Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha, João Fernandes, Elísio Costa, Cristina Catarino, Luísa Aires, Helena Ferreira Mansilha, Petronila Rocha-Pereira, Alexandre Quintanilha, Carla Rêgo, Alice Santos-Silva, Giuseppe Novell
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    Marina Stojanov, Aleksandra Stefanovic, Gordana Dzingalasevic, Jasmina Ivanisevic, Milica Miljkovic, Slavka Mandic-Radic, Milica Prostran
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    Zala Jenko-Pražnikar, Ana Petelin, Mihaela Jurdana, Lovro Žiberna
    Metabolism.2013; 62(7): 976.     CrossRef
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Effects of Insight Level on the Sensitivity of Alcoholism Screening Tests in Alcohol Dependent Patients.
Kyu Chol Cho, Jong Sung Kim, Jin Gyu Jung, Sung Soo Kim, Jeong Gil Lee, Dong Hyun Choi
Korean J Fam Med 2010;31(7):523-528.   Published online July 20, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.7.523
Background
Alcoholism screening tests are commonly used in primary medical care. This study examined how much the level of insight of alcohol-dependent patients would impact on the sensitivity of alcoholism screening tests. Methods: The sample consisted of 122 subjects who had been diagnosed with alcohol dependence and who completed Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and CAGE questionnaire. AUDIT positive was defined as a score of 20 points or above and CAGE positive, 3 points or above. Insight level was classified as poor, fair, and good using the Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS). Positive rates on the AUDIT and CAGE were analyzed according to the level of insight. Results: In good insight group, the sensitivity of AUDIT and CAGE identified 96.9% and 96.9% of the participants as alcohol dependence, respectively. In fair insight group, those were 92.7% and 96.4%, respectively. However, in poor insight group, these decreased substantially to 62.9% and 65.7%, respectively. After adjusting for general characteristics on the basis of good insight group, we found that the possibility of positive on the AUDIT was significantly lower in poor insight group (Odd ratios [OR], 0.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.411). Also, the possibility of positive on the CAGE was significantly lower in poor insight group (OR, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.358). Conclusion: Alcohol-dependent patients with poor insight showed a high rate of false negatives in alcoholism screening tests. These suggest that primary care physicians should be careful in interpreting the results of alcoholism screening tests.

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    Jin-Gyu Jung, Jong-Sung Kim, Gap-Jung Kim, Mi-Kyeong Oh, Sung-Soo Kim
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Performance of the AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C) and AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone in Screening for Problem Drinking.
Jeong Hwan Seong, Chang Hun Lee, Hyun Jin Do, Seung Won Oh, Youl Lee Lym, Jae Kyung Choi, Hee Kyung Joh, Kyuk Jung Kweon, Dong Yung Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2009;30(9):695-702.   Published online September 20, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.9.695
Background
In the busy primary care setting, there are several limitations in applying Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test in Korea (AUDIT-K) to screen problem drinking. Thus, for primary healthcare practice, we evaluated AUDIT-C, which covers questions from 1 to 3 in AUDIT-K, and AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone to present cut points for these two screening questionnaire according to AUDIT-K test scores. Methods: In a university hospital, we surveyed 302 males with a drinking history via self-administered questionnaire including AUDIT-K, from November 2007 to April 2008. On the basis of total score in AUDIT-K, we divided them into four groups: normal, problem drinking, alcohol use disorder, and alcohol dependence. For each alcohol drinking behavior pattern, we drew the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to present cut points for appropriate sensitivity and specifi city. In addition, we compared the performance of AUDIT-C and AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone through area under the curve (AUC). Results: For AUDIT-C, we designated the score 8 or more as problem drinking, 9 or more as alcohol use disorder, and 11 or more as dependence. The results of sensitivity/specifi city for each group were 82%/76%, 76%/79%, 80%/86%, respectively, which were suitable for screening. For AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone, we defined the score 3 or more as problem drinking or alcohol use disorder and the score 4 as dependence. The results of sensitivity/specifi city for each group were 79%/80%, 84%/67%, 85%/77%, which were appropriate for screening. For every drinking behavior group, AUDIT-C was superior to AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone in screening performance (problem drinking: 0.88 vs. respectively 0.85, alcohol use disorder: 0.86 vs. 0.82, alcohol dependence: 0.88 vs. 0.81) Conclusion: We confi rmed that both AUDIT-C and AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone, which are more convenient and have fewer time con-straints than AUDIT-K, are reasonable screening methods for problem drinking. Thus, we recommend further drinking assessment and proper intervention for male drinkers who have scores 8 or more in AUDIT-C or 3 or more in AUDIT-K Question 3 Alone.

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The Relationship between Serum Ferritin and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein among Adults in a Health Promotion Center .
Eun Sil Oh, Hyun Sik Shin, Ji Won Lee, Ji Ae Lim, Duk Chul Lee, Hye Ree Lee
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(12):908-914.   Published online December 10, 2008
Background: More attention is given to oxidative hypothesis which causes atherosclerosis to be recognized as inflammatory response. The relationship between serum ferritin which catalyzes lipid peroxidation and high sensitivity C-reactive protein which reflects vascular inflammation was investigated among adults in a health promotion center. Methods: The study group consisted of 297 men and women (men 86, women 211) who visited the health promotion center of a hospital in Seoul to have a health checkup from October 1, 2004 to April 1, 2005. These subjects answered the questionnares and were measured in the following; blood tests, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and several anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis was performed on 111 subjects after exclusion of those subjects who were taking antihypertensive agents or antidiabetic agents, and who had acute inflammatory diseases, acute liver diseases, anemia, and who had a WBC ≥11,000×103/mm3 or a serum ferritin ≥200 ug/L or a ABI (Ankle Brachial Index) <0.9. Results: The average serum ferritin concentration of men against women was 132.57±43.12 ng/ml to 78.23±38.10 ng/ml which means that men have about 1.7 times as high concentration than women (P<0.001). Serum ferritin was significantly correlated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r=0.332). Even in multiple stepwise regression analysis, there was a independent relationship between serum ferritin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Ղ=0.138, P=0.010). When we analyzed with distinction of sex, this relationship in women was constant (Ղ=0.131, P=0.031), but serum ferritin in men just showed the trend of correlation with BMI (Ղ=9.510, P=0.059). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the increase of serum ferritin and high sensitivity C- reactive protein in healthy women; furthermore, studies in men need to be confirmed. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:908-914)
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The Usefulness of Heavy Smoking Index as a Test for Nicotine Dependence.
Sung Ki Lee, Hyuk Jung Kweon, Dae Jun Lim, Kyong Rae Kim, Hyun Hee Mo, Hyun Jin Do, Seung Won Oh, Youl Lee Lym, Jae Kyung Choi, Hee Kyung Joh, Dong Yung Cho
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(6):405-411.   Published online June 10, 2008
Background
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire. Its completion require a few minutes, but such time may be too much for busy clinicians and large epidemiologic surveys. The goals of this study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) of high nicotine dependence. Methods: The FTND was administered to 943 current smokers from a smoking-cessation clinic in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. The HSI which combines two items of the FTND (the number of cigarettes per day and the time of the first cigarette of the day) was compared to the FTND. We measured cigarette per day, duration of smoking, and age of smoking initiation. Results: A cutoff score equal or greater than 4 on the HSI detected a similar rate of nicotine dependence as a cutoff score equal or greater than 6 on the FTND. The HSI showed a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 86.5%. The concordance between the two instruments was high (kappa= 0.74). Conclusion: The HSI was proven to be very useful. If HSI had a proper validity, the HSI can be a good standard of high nicotine dependence for busy clinician and epidemiologists. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:405-411)
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Cardio-thoracic Ratio (CTR) for Detection of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) in Elderly People.
Sung Hoon Kim, Yun Jeong Shin, Hee Suk Kang, Hai Gyung Yoon, Mi Kyeong Oh, Sang Sig Cheong
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(9):690-697.   Published online September 10, 2007
Background
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is closely related with a high death rate, rhythmia, ischemic heart disease, stroke and sudden death. It is known that the prognosis becomes better as LVH regresses. Therefore, it is important to diagnose it correctly with ease in primary care. The authors evaluated the most standard cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) with respect to LVH oriented towards elderly people whose body habitus changed over time as they had become older, and evaluated the factors which affect the rate of diagnosis including sensitivity and specificity. Methods: A total of 231 subjects over 60 years of age who visited a general hospital health promotion center from March 1997 to August 2003, underwent echocardiography and identified not to have heart disease were selected. LV (left vetricular) mass was measured through echocardiography. LV mass was divided by 2.7 times of height (m) by Deveruex's method, and 49.1 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women were set to be standards of LVH. CTR was obtained by dividing the maximum transverse diameter of the heart by maximum transverse diameter of thorax on chest PA. Results: CTR was observed on the basis of 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and the agreement was highest of 0.5 for men and 0.45 for women. However, considering the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive predictive value, it was thought to be most proper to be set at 0.5 was be standard for both men and women. When diagnosing LVH through chest PA, if 0.5 was set to be standard, false positive become high in women, false negative became high as height increased, and false negative became high as body mass index (BMI) increased. The smoking group showed higher false negative compared to the non- smoking group, and the false negative was higher as the level of hemoglobin increased. Conclusion: When diagnosing LVH through CTR in elderly people, it was appropriate to set 0.5 as a standard, but it is necessary to consider sex, body habitus, BMI, smoking and the level of hemoglobin. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:690-697)
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Standardization of the Korean Version of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 as a Screening Instrument for Major Depressive Disorder.
Hong Seok Choi, Ji Ho Choi, Ki Ho Park, Kyu Jin Joo, Hyuk Ga, Hee Jung Ko, Sung Ryul Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(2):114-119.   Published online February 10, 2007
Background
Depression is the most frequently encountered mental disorder in primary care. In it is necessary to order to, have a screening tool has high sensitivity and specificity and consumes less time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Korean version of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Methods: A convenience sample of 160 ambulatory patients in a family practice clinic at Inha university hospital and the health care center at Bakae hospital received the Korean version of PHQ-9. Then the subjects were interviewed by a resident of family medicine according to DSM- IV criteria. The sensitivity, the specificity, the likelihood ratio, the ROC curve, the validity and the reliability of the Korean version of PHQ-9, and the consumptive time were examined. Results: There were 22 pationts in the depression group and 138 in the non-depression group. The Cronbach's α was 0.852. The sensitivity and the specificity were 81.8% and 89.9%, respectively, and the positive likelihood ratio was 8.10. The area under curve had an excellent value, 0.944 (P<0.05). The consumptive time was 2.66⁑1.13 minutes. Conclusion: The Korean version of PHQ-9 hay a good reliability and validity, less consumptive time, and easy calculating score. Therefore, the Korean version of PHQ-9 seems to be a useful measure for detecting depression in primary care. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:114-119)
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Application of Abdominal Circumference Presented by Body Composition Analyzer according to Gender and Body Mass Index.
Sang Do Seo, Sangyeoup Lee, Hong Gi Min, Young Joo Kim, Jeong Ik Hong, Yun Jin Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2006;27(8):612-619.   Published online August 10, 2006
Background
: Recently, body composition analyzer has been used widely clinically. Various indirectly measured values of body are calculated without direct measuring. The abdominal circumference that is presented by such instrument may be used for diagnosing abdominal obesity, but the reliable evidence of the accuracy and the validity may be not be enough for application to general population. For this reason, the author investigated the usefulness of automatically produced abdominal circumference for diagnosing abdominal obesity.

Methods : The medical records of 5,555 outpatients who had undergone body composition analysis in a tertiary hospital was collected. The usefulness of the automatically presented abdominal circumference for diagnosing abdominal obesity among general population was investigated.

Results : There was a significant positive correlation between abdominal circumference measured by body composition analyzer and measuring tape in the normal, the overweight, and the obese groups of both gender. But, the results were the same only in females in the underweight group. The most significant difference between the two values were 4.8±5.0 cm in normal male group and -5.7±5.5 cm in female obese group. The difference of the male obese group was lesser than that of the overweight, the normal and the underweight groups. The difference of the male overweight group was lesser than that of the normal group. The difference of the female obese group was lesser than that of the overweight, the normal and the underweight groups. The sensitivity and specificity to detect abdominal obese person among the total subjects was 76.3% and 79.1%, respectively. The specificity was higher in all male and the normal female groups, wheras the sensitivity was higher in the obese and the overweight female groups.

Conclusion : Physicians should confirm the accuracy of abdominal circumference, especially in normal males and obese female group, although the automatically presented value is convenient and reflects the manually measured one very well which is useful to diagnose abdominal obesity.
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Electrocardiogram as a Diagnostic Method for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.
Yun Jeong Shin, Eun Jin Choi, Dong Sik Yu, Doo Young Lee, Mi Kyeong Oh, Sang Sig Cheong, Woong Sub Park
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2005;26(9):551-560.   Published online September 10, 2005
Background
: The purpose of this study was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of ECG as a tool for detecting echocardiographically defined LVH in a population-based sample and to examine the impact of a variety of factors that affect the sensitivity and specificity of ECG for detection of LVH.

Methods : A total of 1,130 subjects who received a thorough medical checkup for cardiologic department voluntarily were selected. The subjects were examined using M-mode echocardiography and standard 12-lead ECG. The x2 test was used to test for differences in sensitivity and specificity of ECG for echocardiographically defined LVH. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic was used to adjust for sex, age, and obesity and to test the association between cigarette smoking, amount of alcohol, exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and sensitivity and specificity of ECG.

Results : Echocardiographic LVH was detected in 434 (38.4%) and electrocardiographic features of LVH were present in 146 (12.9%). ECG for diagnosis of LVH showed sensitivity of 20.0%, specificity of 91.5%, and diagnostic accuracy of 64.1%. Sensitivity of ECG for LVH was higher in persons with obesity (P=.04) or hypertension (P=.04). Specificity of ECG for LVH was lower in persons with hypertension (P=.003).

Conclusion : ECG has a low sensitivity and a high specificity for echocardiographically defined LVH. Attention must be paid to carefully interpret ECG for diagnosis of LVH in persons with obesity or hypertension, because the rate of false positives and negatives can be increased.
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A Study on the Validity of a Single-Item Question Concerning Sexual Satisfaction as a Screening Tool for Erectile Dysfunction in Primary Care.
Young Ho Sung, Su Jin Kim, Young Sik Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2002;23(11):1334-1339.   Published online November 10, 2002
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A study on the validity of serum a alpha-fetoprotein for the screening of hepatocelluar carcinoma among Korean adults.
Jong Deuk Jun, Sun Woo Song, Yong Sik Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 1999;20(10):1209-1215.   Published online October 1, 1999
Background
: Serum alpha-fetoprotein(aFP) is a useful diagnostic test on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) However, it is still questionable appropriate screening test or not

Methods : A total of 24,050 patients who visited the General Health Screening Center of Asan Medical Center from June, 1993 to June, 1994, were reviewed by chart and telephone survey. Among them 70 cases where serum aFP were elevated > 20ng/ml and 16 cases where HCC was suspected by abdominal ultrasonogram were selected and investigated for the existence of HCC. Four groups were divided into HBsAg(+), Anti-HCV(+), increased AST/ALT(abnormal LFT) and normal group. Each group was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive, predictive value and negative predictive value of serum aFP for HCC.

Results : The prevalence of elevated aFP was 0.29%(70/24,050). There was a statistically significant difference between sexes. And the total number of HCC as 10 cases (42/100,000). With aging, the prevalence of HCC was increased. The prevalence rate pf elevated serum aFP and HCC had significant difference in anti-HCV(+), HBsAg(+) and abnormal LFT group compared to normal group(sGOT < 40U/1, HBsAg(-) and Anti-HCV(-)) (P<0.01).
In our study, sensitivity and positive predictive value of serum aFP for HCC were 100% and 14% in anti-HCV(+) group, 83.3% and 8.6% in abnormal LFT group, 80% in HBsAg(+) group, and 0% in normal group, respectively.

Conclusion : Serum aFP as a screening test for HCC in asymptomatic healthy people does not seem to be not valid. But it seems to be appropriate when it is applied for cases of abnormal LFT(sGOT >40U/1 or sGPT > 40U/1), HBsAg(+) and Anti-HCV(+) people.
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Minor psychiatric disorder Associated with Smoking in Men.
Kwang Ho Song, Kyoung Rok Kim, Eun Hee Park, Young Sung Suh, Dae Hyun Kim, Dong Hak Shin
J Korean Acad Fam Med 1998;19(3):312-319.   Published online March 1, 1998
Background
: Smoking is a very dangerous behavior and people know that it will lead to fatal health problems. But many people continue to smoke. We studied psychiatric aspect of smoking.

Methods : We distributed self-questionnaire to people who visited Dong-San Medical Hospital for periodical examination and checkups between the months of April and June, 1996. It consisted of inquiries on their smoking status and symptom check list for minor psychiatric disorders(SCL-MPD). Among the total of 147 men 58 were current smokers, 63 non-smokers, 26 ex-smokers. We compared minor psychiatric differences between each groups by Student t-test.

Results : The mean age of current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were 44.9±8.9, 44.8±8.4 and 46.6±9.6, respectively. Among 10 dimensions of SCL-MPD, the smokers (includes current smokers and ex-smokers) had significantly higher scores on anger-hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive dimensions than those of non-smokers(P<0.05). When comparing with current smokers and non-smokers, current smokers had significantly higher scores on anger-hostility and obsessive-compulsive dimensions(P<0.05). Between ex-smokers and non-smokers, ex-smokers had significantly higher scores on anger-hostility and obsessive-compulsive dimensions(P<0.05). But, no significant differences were observed between current smokers and ex-smokers.

Conclusion : Smokers(current smokers and ex-smokers) were highly associated with anger-hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive disorders compared to non-smokers. But, no minor psychiatric differences were observed between current smokers and ex-smokers.
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