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Original Article

The effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin, fructosamine in the diagnosis of diabetes.

Eun Hee Kim, Sun Mi Nam, Kun A Lee, Bo Young Son, Kun Mi Lee, Sung Pill Jeong, Hyeung Ill Kim
Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 1998;19(9):708-718.
Published online: September 1, 1998
1Department of Family Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Korea.
2Department of Internal Medicine, Kyeungsang Hospital, Korea. 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영남대학교의료원 가정의학과,경상병원 내과,임상병리실
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Background
: With respect to the risk of developing diabetic vascular complications, the central purpose of most screening and detection program is to identify people with diabetes at early stage so they might have adventages of early treatment to prevent complication of the disease. Oral glucose tolence test(OGTT) is widely used for diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolence, but the performance of a complete OGTT is not only time consuming and expensive but physically demanding on the individual being tested. Determination of HbA₁c and more recently of glycosylated total serum proteins(fructosamine) has been proposed as an alternative method of screening and diagnosis. The aim of our cross-sectional study is to compare the values of fructosamine and HbA₁c for the purpose of diabetes diagnosis with the OGTT as reference method.

Methods : in this study, from January 1996 to August 1996, we included 55 consecutive subjects in Kyeungsang Hospital. Blood samples for HbA₁c and fructosamine determination were drawn at the same time as a fasting plasma glucose sample, and then all subjects underwent a standard 2-hour OGTT according to the World Health Organization recommendations. The subjects were classified according to the American Diabetes Association classification.

Results : In our study, we observed fasting plasma glucose of 145.32±75.00mg/㎗, two-hour plasma glucose of 245.83±155.22mg/㎗, HbA₁c of 7.06±2.77%, and fructosamine of 308.77±128.23㎛ol/ℓ. The correlation coefficient between FPG and HbA₁c was 0.9098(p<0.05), betwen FPG and fructosamine 0.7953(p<.05), between two-hour plasma glucose and HbA₁0.7955-(p<.05), between 2h-PG and fructosamine 0.7770(p<.05), and between HbA₁and fructosamine 0.8142(p<.05). We found good sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value HbA₁, and fructosamine with OGTT as a reference. After combination of FPG or 2h-PG and HbA₁especially fructosamine, sensitivity was increased. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed the cutoff point of HbA₁ 7.0 %, of fructosamine 290㎛ol/ℓ.

Conclusion : As observed in our study, HbA₁and fructosamine were highly correlated with FPG and 2h-PG. Combination of HbA₁or fructosamine and FPG or 2h-PG improve prediction over FPG or 2h-PG alone, especially fructosamine and FPG or 2h-PG combination. We conclude that mearurement of HbA₁c or fructosamine may be a useful diagnostic test for diabetes.

연구배경 : 산업화 선진화의 영향을 생활양식의 변화로 당뇨병의 유병률이 점차 증가하고 있으며 그 합병증을 예방하기 위해서는 정확한 조기진단과 엄격한 혈당조절이 무엇보다 중요하다. 당뇨병의 정확한 진단을 위해서는 경구포도당 부하시험 검사가 필요하지만 검사방법이 복잡하고 시간이 오래 걸리며 비용과 채혈의 부담도 크므로 이를 대신할 간단하고 효과적인 방법을 찾아보았다.

방법 : 1996년 1월부터 1996년 8월까지 경산시소재 종합병원의 내과와 건진센타에서 당뇨병 진단을 위해 경구포도당 부하시험 검사를 시행한 55명을 대상으로 단면조사를 실시하였다. 대상자 전원은 공복시혈당과 프락토사민, 당화혈색소를 함께 측정하고 75g의 포도당 경구부하후 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분 혈당을 측정하였다. 경구포도당 부하시험 결과는 미국당뇨병협회의(American Diabetes Association) 당뇨병 진단기준에 준하여 분류하고 이를 기준으로 하여 당화혈색소와 프락토사민의 진단적 가치를 조사하였다.

결과 : 공복시혈당과 당화혈색소간의 상관계수는 0.9098(P<0.05), 공복시혈당과 프락토사민 간의 상관계수는 0.7953(p<0.05), 포도당 부하후 2시간 혈당과 당화혈색소간의 상관 계수는 0.7955(p<0.05), 포도당 부하 후 2시간 혈당과 트락토사민간의 상관계수는 0.7770(p<0.05)이었다. 당화혈색소는 민감도 71%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 71%, 프락토사민은 민감도 83%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 77%의 결과를 보였다. 공복시혈당과 당화혈색소를 조합하면 민감도 79%, 특이도 100%, 양성 예측도 100%, 음성예측도는 85%였다. 공복시혈당과 프락토사민을 조합하면 민감도 96%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 85%였다. 공복시혈당과 프락토사민을 종합하면 민감도 92%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 82%였으며, 포도당 부하후 2시간혈당과 프락토사민을 조합하면 민감도 96%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 84%였다. 민감도와 특이도를 바탕으로 작성한 ROC곡선상의 당화혈색소의 임계점은 7.0 % 근처로, 프락토사민의 임계점은 290㎛ol/ℓ 근처로 나타났다.

결론 : 당화혈색소와 프락토사민은 공복시혈당이나 포도당 부하후 혈당과의 연관성이 높고 특히 프락토사민과 공복시혈당이나 포도당 부하후 2시간혈당과의 조합시에는 민감도와 특이도가 가장 우수하여 경구포도당 부하시험 검사를 대신하는 당뇨병의 진단적 가치가 있지만 내당능장애의 진단적 가치는 이 연구로는 알 수가 없었다.

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