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Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 1995;16(8):514-522.
Published online August 1, 1995.
The assessment of insight in alcoholics and associated factors ; a preliminary insight scale for alcoholics.
Sung Bae Seo, Jong Min Lee, Sang Hyun Lee, Jong Seong Kim, Bang Bu Youn
알콜중독 환자의 병식평가와 관련요인 - 예비적 알콜중독 병식척도 -
서성배, 이종민, 이상현, 김종성, 윤방부
Abstract
Background
: The screening tests for alcoholics have been made and use, however, there were few tools to assess the psychopathologic condition of alcoholics objectively for treatment. In this situation, as we can say that treatment of alcoholics begins from the recognition of disease by the patient, we tried to evaluate insight of alcoholics objectively and to investigate the associated factors.

Methods : Among the patients admitted to Alcohol Clinic due to problem of drinking between April and September in 1994, 41 patients who were admitted longer than one month diagnosed as alcoholism by DSM-Ⅲ-R, from whom we get information can be related to insight through data sheet inquiring demographic characteristics. A new insight scale, preliminary Insight Scale for Alcoholics(ISA) was made by this study as tools to measure insight of alcoholics based on insight scale which is used to other psychiatric diseases.

Results : Cronbach's alpha coefficient analysed internal consistency of the preliminary Insight Scale for Alcoholics(ISA) was 0.8371 by SPSS and the correlation between each item score and global score was used for another evaluation of reliability, and then correlation coefficient were from 0.3488 to 0.6851 in both scale done twice(P<0.05). This scale was analysed by factor analysis, and then yielded 8 factors, the factors accounted for more than 65% of items in the scale. These results show that this scale approximates to some of the aspects of insight in the definition of this stydy. The insight scale for alcoholics were enforced twice after earlier detoxification treatment and the education for abstinence from alcohol for 4 weeks, there were significatn changes statistically in scores of the insight scale for alcoholics(P<0.001). Although correlation analysis between MAST scores and scores of these insight scales was proportional(r=0.49), if the history of education for abstinence from alcohol was mediated, it was not significant statistically. The history of admission due to drinking was no significantly for those who has the history of education for abstinence from alcohol than those who has not(P<0.01) and for those who had the withdrawal symptoms(P<0.05). There were no significant between duration of drinking, APGAR score, psycho-social stress and scores of the insight scales.

Conclusion : Although it is necessary to refine the insight scale for alcoholics of this article, is was clinically possible to assess the insight and to evaluate the change of the insight. There was no close relation between MAST scores and the scores of the insight scale for alcoholics, and regardless of the times of admission the education for abstinence from alcohol is important factor associated with insight.
초록
연구배경 : 알콜중독을 진단하는 선별검사들이 다양하게 만들어져 사용되어 왔으나, 치료를 위한 환자의 정신병리적 상태를 객관적으로 파악하는 도구는 미미한 상태이다. 이러한 현실에서 알콜중독의 치료는 환자의 병에 대한 인식으로부터 시작된다고 할 수 있기에, 알콜중독 호나자들의 병식을 객관적으로 평가하고, 관련된 요인을 알아보고자 하였다.

방법 : DSMⅢ-R에 의해 알콜중독으로 진단된 환자중 알콜클리닉에 1994년 4월부터 9월사이에 1개월이상 입원한 41명을 대상으로 하였다. 인구사회학적인 특성을 묻는 설문지를 통해 병식과 관련될 수 있는 정보를 얻었고, 병식의 측정을 위한 도구로 다른 정신질환에서 사용된 병식척도를 참고로 하여 알콜중독 병식척도를 자체 제작하여 사용하였다.

결과 : 본 예비적 알콜중독 병식척도의 내적일관성을 보는 Cronbarch's alpha 계수는 0.83이었고, 다른 신뢰도 검증방법으로 각항목과 총점사이의 상관분석을 이용하였는데, 두번 시행한 병식척도 모두에서 상관관계가 있었다(P<0.05). 또한, 본 예비적 병식척도의 요인 분석은 총 24개 항목을 8개의 요인으로 나누었는데, 이 요인들이 본 연구에서 보고자한 병식의 관점을 포함하고 있다. 초기 해독치료 후와 4주간의 단주교육 후에 측정한 두번의 병식척도 점수사이에서 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보였다(p<0.001). MAST 점수와 병식척도 총점의 상관분석에서는 비례관계로 나타났으나(상관계수=0.49), 단주교육의 경력을 통제한 경우는 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다. 음주로 인한 입원경력이 병식에 미치는 영향은 미미했고, 단주교육을 받은 경험이 있는 군이 없는 군에 비해 유의하게 병식척도의 점수가 높았다(P<0.001). 자발적으로 입원한 환자군에서 유의있게 병식척도의 점수가 높았고(P<0.01), 또한, 금단증상이 있었던 환자군에서 병식척도 점수가 높았다(P<0.05). 음주기간, 가족기능지수, 정신사회적 스트레스와 병식과의 관계는 통계적 유의성이 없었다.

결론 : 본고의 알콜중독 병식척도가 개선이 필요할 지라도 이를 통하여 임상적으로 병식의 평가가 가능하였으며, 병식의 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. MAST 점수와 병식척도 점수사이에는 큰연관이 없었으며, 입원의 횟수에 상관없이 단주교육이 병식에 영향을 미치는 매우 중요한 요인이다.
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