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Corrigendum

Corrigendum: Fruits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort

Hojun Yu1, Cheol Min Lee2,3*orcid, Seung-Won Oh2,3*orcid
Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2026;47(3):283-285.
Published online: May 20, 2026

1Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

2Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea

3Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

*Corresponding Author: Cheol Min Lee Tel: +82-2-2112-5668, Fax: +82-2-2112-5794, E-mail: bigbangx@snuh.org
*Corresponding Author: Seung-Won Oh Tel: +82-2-2112-5643, Fax: +82-2-2112-5635, E-mail: sw.oh@snu.ac.kr

© 2026 The Korean Academy of Family Medicine

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Korean J Fam Med 2024;45:44-50
The authors have identified errors in Supplement 2 (Subgroup analysis by age) and Supplement 3 (Subgroup analysis by sex) of the above article [1]. These supplements contained values from an earlier version of the analysis that were not updated to reflect the final results. The main text of the article is correct. The corrected supplementary tables are provided below.
In Supplement 2 (Subgroup analysis by age), the following values should be corrected:
In the Aged 55–70 y column, the hazard ratio for persimmons/dried persimmons should read 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99; P=0.030), not 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85–0.98; P=0.012). The hazard ratio for apples should read 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88–0.99; P=0.025), not 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87–0.98; P=0.007). The hazard ratio for grapes should read 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93; P<0.001), not 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.92; P<0.001). In the Aged 40–54.9 y column, the hazard ratio for middle GL fruits should read 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.13; P=0.033), not 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00–1.13; P=0.051).
In Supplement 3 (Subgroup analysis by sex), the following values should be corrected:
In the Male column, the hazard ratio for bananas should read 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.99; P=0.030), not 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.98; P=0.019). In the Female column, the hazard ratio for grapes should read 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.98; P=0.010), not 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.97; P=0.008).
The corrected Supplement 2 and Supplement 3 are as follows:
Supplement 2.
Subgroup analysis by age (corrected)
Items* Aged 40–54.9 y (N=32,661)
 Aged 55–70 y (N=24,010)
HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
Individual fruits
 Fruit, total 0.96 (0.91–1.02) 0.2 1.06 (1.02–1.11) 0.005
 Strawberries 1.09 (0.98–1.21) 0.12 0.91 (0.83–1.00) 0.055
 Melons/oriental melons 1.09 (1.00–1.20) 0.061 0.97 (0.89–1.05) 0.4
 Watermelons 1.05 (0.97–1.14) 0.2 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 0.045
 Peaches/apricots 1.05 (0.96–1.15) 0.3 0.94 (0.87–1.03) 0.2
 Bananas 0.97 (0.88–1.07) 0.6 0.92 (0.85–0.99) 0.031
 Persimmons/dried persimmons 1.05 (0.97–1.14) 0.2 0.92 (0.86–0.99) 0.030
 Tangerines 1.00 (0.94–1.08) >0.9 0.94 (0.89–1.00) 0.039
 Pears 0.98 (0.90–1.07) 0.7 0.95 (0.88–1.03) 0.2
 Apples 1.03 (0.96–1.10) 0.5 0.93 (0.88–0.99) 0.025
 Oranges 1.04 (0.94–1.16) 0.4 0.97 (0.88–1.06) 0.5
 Grapes 0.96 (0.87–1.06) 0.4 0.85 (0.78–0.93) <0.001
 Tomatoes† - - - -
Grouped fruits
 Fruits, total 0.99 (0.97–1.01) 0.2 1.01 (0.99–1.03) 0.3
 High GI 1.02 (0.96–1.09) 0.5 1.02 (0.96–1.08) 0.6
 Middle GI 0.98 (0.94–1.02) 0.3 0.97 (0.93–1.01) 0.2
 Low GI† - - - -
 High GL 0.98 (0.93–1.03) 0.4 0.96 (0.91–1.01) 0.080
 Middle GL 1.07 (1.01–1.13) 0.033 0.98 (0.93–1.04) 0.6
 Low GL† - - - -

Adjusted for age (years), body mass index (16.0–19.9, 20.0–24.9, ≥25.0 kg/m²), smoking status (never, former, current), physical activity (<120, 120–180, >180 min/wk of moderate to vigorous exercise), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and total energy intake (kcal/d).

Individual fruit consumption was mutually adjusted. Values in ‘red’ indicate corrections from the originally published version.

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load.

*The fruits were grouped as follows: low GI fruits (strawberries, peaches/apricots, pears, apples, oranges, tomatoes), middle GI fruits (persimmons/dried persimmons, tangerines, grapes), high GI fruits (melons/oriental melons, watermelons, bananas), low GL fruits (strawberries, peaches/apricots, tangerines, pears, apples, tomatoes), middle GL fruits (melons/oriental melons, persimmons/dried persimmons), and high GL fruits (watermelons, bananas, oranges, grapes).

†Values did not converge.

Supplement 3.
Subgroup analysis by sex (corrected)
Items* Male (N=18,928)
 Female (N=38,491)
HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
Individual fruits
 Fruit, total 1.02 (0.96–1.08) 0.5 1.02 (0.98–1.06) 0.4
 Strawberries 0.99 (0.88–1.11) 0.8 0.97 (0.89–1.06) 0.5
 Melons/oriental melons 1.09 (0.98–1.21) 0.12 1.00 (0.93–1.07) >0.9
 Watermelons 1.02 (0.93–1.12) 0.7 0.96 (0.90–1.03) 0.3
 Peaches/apricots 0.96 (0.86–1.07) 0.5 1.01 (0.94–1.08) 0.8
 Bananas 0.88 (0.79–0.99) 0.030 0.97 (0.90–1.04) 0.4
 Persimmons/dried persimmons 1.00 (0.90–1.10) >0.9 0.97 (0.91–1.03) 0.3
 Tangerines 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 0.064 0.97 (0.92–1.03) 0.3
 Pears 0.99 (0.89–1.09) 0.8 0.95 (0.88–1.02) 0.12
 Apples 1.00 (0.92–1.07) >0.9 0.96 (0.91–1.01) 0.092
 Oranges 0.98 (0.86–1.10) 0.7 1.01 (0.93–1.10) 0.8
 Grapes 0.89 (0.80–1.00) 0.043 0.90 (0.84–0.98) 0.010
 Tomatoes* - - - -
Grouped fruits
 Fruits, total 1.01 (0.98–1.03) 0.5 0.99 (0.98–1.01) 0.5
 High GI 1.02 (0.94–1.11) 0.6 1.01 (0.96–1.07) 0.6
 Middle GI 0.95 (0.90–1.00) 0.044 0.98 (0.95–1.02) 0.3
 Low GI* - - - -
 High GL 0.95 (0.89–1.01) 0.11 0.98 (0.94–1.02) 0.4
 Middle GL 1.07 (0.99–1.17) 0.081 1.01 (0.96–1.06) 0.7
 Low GL* - - - -

Adjusted for age (years), body mass index (16.0–19.9, 20.0–24.9, ≥25.0 kg/m²), smoking status (never, former, current), physical activity (<120, 120–180, >180 min/wk of moderate to vigorous exercise), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and total energy intake (kcal/d).

Individual fruit consumption was mutually adjusted. Values in ‘red’ indicate corrections from the originally published version.

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load.

*Values did not converge.

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      Corrigendum: Fruits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort
      Korean J Fam Med. 2026;47(3):283-285.   Published online May 20, 2026
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0201.R
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      Corrigendum: Fruits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort
      Korean J Fam Med. 2026;47(3):283-285.   Published online May 20, 2026
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0201.R
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      Corrigendum: Fruits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort
      Corrigendum: Fruits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort
      Items* Aged 40–54.9 y (N=32,661)
      		 Aged 55–70 y (N=24,010)
      HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
      Individual fruits
       Fruit, total 0.96 (0.91–1.02) 0.2 1.06 (1.02–1.11) 0.005
       Strawberries 1.09 (0.98–1.21) 0.12 0.91 (0.83–1.00) 0.055
       Melons/oriental melons 1.09 (1.00–1.20) 0.061 0.97 (0.89–1.05) 0.4
       Watermelons 1.05 (0.97–1.14) 0.2 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 0.045
       Peaches/apricots 1.05 (0.96–1.15) 0.3 0.94 (0.87–1.03) 0.2
       Bananas 0.97 (0.88–1.07) 0.6 0.92 (0.85–0.99) 0.031
       Persimmons/dried persimmons 1.05 (0.97–1.14) 0.2 0.92 (0.86–0.99) 0.030
       Tangerines 1.00 (0.94–1.08) >0.9 0.94 (0.89–1.00) 0.039
       Pears 0.98 (0.90–1.07) 0.7 0.95 (0.88–1.03) 0.2
       Apples 1.03 (0.96–1.10) 0.5 0.93 (0.88–0.99) 0.025
       Oranges 1.04 (0.94–1.16) 0.4 0.97 (0.88–1.06) 0.5
       Grapes 0.96 (0.87–1.06) 0.4 0.85 (0.78–0.93) <0.001
       Tomatoes† - - - -
      Grouped fruits
       Fruits, total 0.99 (0.97–1.01) 0.2 1.01 (0.99–1.03) 0.3
       High GI 1.02 (0.96–1.09) 0.5 1.02 (0.96–1.08) 0.6
       Middle GI 0.98 (0.94–1.02) 0.3 0.97 (0.93–1.01) 0.2
       Low GI† - - - -
       High GL 0.98 (0.93–1.03) 0.4 0.96 (0.91–1.01) 0.080
       Middle GL 1.07 (1.01–1.13) 0.033 0.98 (0.93–1.04) 0.6
       Low GL† - - - -
      Items* Male (N=18,928)
      		 Female (N=38,491)
      HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
      Individual fruits
       Fruit, total 1.02 (0.96–1.08) 0.5 1.02 (0.98–1.06) 0.4
       Strawberries 0.99 (0.88–1.11) 0.8 0.97 (0.89–1.06) 0.5
       Melons/oriental melons 1.09 (0.98–1.21) 0.12 1.00 (0.93–1.07) >0.9
       Watermelons 1.02 (0.93–1.12) 0.7 0.96 (0.90–1.03) 0.3
       Peaches/apricots 0.96 (0.86–1.07) 0.5 1.01 (0.94–1.08) 0.8
       Bananas 0.88 (0.79–0.99) 0.030 0.97 (0.90–1.04) 0.4
       Persimmons/dried persimmons 1.00 (0.90–1.10) >0.9 0.97 (0.91–1.03) 0.3
       Tangerines 0.93 (0.86–1.00) 0.064 0.97 (0.92–1.03) 0.3
       Pears 0.99 (0.89–1.09) 0.8 0.95 (0.88–1.02) 0.12
       Apples 1.00 (0.92–1.07) >0.9 0.96 (0.91–1.01) 0.092
       Oranges 0.98 (0.86–1.10) 0.7 1.01 (0.93–1.10) 0.8
       Grapes 0.89 (0.80–1.00) 0.043 0.90 (0.84–0.98) 0.010
       Tomatoes* - - - -
      Grouped fruits
       Fruits, total 1.01 (0.98–1.03) 0.5 0.99 (0.98–1.01) 0.5
       High GI 1.02 (0.94–1.11) 0.6 1.01 (0.96–1.07) 0.6
       Middle GI 0.95 (0.90–1.00) 0.044 0.98 (0.95–1.02) 0.3
       Low GI* - - - -
       High GL 0.95 (0.89–1.01) 0.11 0.98 (0.94–1.02) 0.4
       Middle GL 1.07 (0.99–1.17) 0.081 1.01 (0.96–1.06) 0.7
       Low GL* - - - -
      Supplement 2. Subgroup analysis by age (corrected)

      Adjusted for age (years), body mass index (16.0–19.9, 20.0–24.9, ≥25.0 kg/m²), smoking status (never, former, current), physical activity (<120, 120–180, >180 min/wk of moderate to vigorous exercise), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and total energy intake (kcal/d).

      Individual fruit consumption was mutually adjusted. Values in ‘red’ indicate corrections from the originally published version.

      HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load.

      The fruits were grouped as follows: low GI fruits (strawberries, peaches/apricots, pears, apples, oranges, tomatoes), middle GI fruits (persimmons/dried persimmons, tangerines, grapes), high GI fruits (melons/oriental melons, watermelons, bananas), low GL fruits (strawberries, peaches/apricots, tangerines, pears, apples, tomatoes), middle GL fruits (melons/oriental melons, persimmons/dried persimmons), and high GL fruits (watermelons, bananas, oranges, grapes).

      Values did not converge.

      Supplement 3. Subgroup analysis by sex (corrected)

      Adjusted for age (years), body mass index (16.0–19.9, 20.0–24.9, ≥25.0 kg/m²), smoking status (never, former, current), physical activity (<120, 120–180, >180 min/wk of moderate to vigorous exercise), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and total energy intake (kcal/d).

      Individual fruit consumption was mutually adjusted. Values in ‘red’ indicate corrections from the originally published version.

      HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load.

      Values did not converge.

      Supplement 2.

      Supplement 3.

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