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Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2003;24(10):894-903.
Published online October 10, 2003.
Smoking Status and Related Factors of Korean Middle School Students in 2002.
Yoo Seock Cheong
Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, Korea. drloved@unitel.co.kr
2002년도 전국 중학생 흡연실태 및 관련 요인
정유석
단국대학교 의과대학 가정의학교실
Abstract
Background
: According to recent studies of smoking rates among adolescents, the age at which young people begin to smoke is decreasing. The present study reports the results of a survey, conducted by the Korean National Tuberculosis Association (KNTA) in 2002, of the smoking status of Korean middle school students.

Methods : From April to November 2002, the KNTA surveyed the present smoking status of middle school students (total 14,296: boys-8,697, girls-5,599) according to sex and grade in 125 schools in 12 provinces during a smoking cessation education program.

Results : The survey showed that 18.4% of the males (7th grade-15.8%, 8th grade-17.6%, 9th grade-21.8%) and 8.3% of the females (7th grade-6.2%, 8th grade-9.3%, 9th grade-9.5%) had smoking experience. Approximately 2.5% of the males (7th grade-1.2%, 8th grade-1.8%, 9th grade-4.6%) and 1.0% of the females (7th grade- 0.3%, 8th grade-1.2%, 9th grade-1.5%) smoked regularly. The boys' smoking rate was higher than that of the girls in all grades. Smoking rates varied among the provinces, with Chungbuk having the highest rate (2.8%) and Jeonbuk having the lowest (0.9%). The time when most smokers began to smoke was in 6th grade of elementary school for the boys (15.9%) and 7th grade of middle school for the girls (28.6%). Approximately 69.4% of smokers answered that "curiosity" was the most important motivational factor. Statistical analysis indicated that smoking rates were positively correlated with alcohol use and height of students, but were negatively correlated with parents' level of education. At the end of the smoking cessation education program, the number of smokers had reduced for the boys (from 2.6% to 2.2%), but had increased for the girls (from 1.8% to 2.0%). The pre- program survey on the trans-theoretical stage of smoking cessation revealed that 34.2% fell into a pre- contemplation stage, 34.2% into a contemplation stage, and 31.6% into a preparation stage. The post-education survey showed remarkable changes: 24.0% were in the pre-contemplations stage, 40.0% in the contemplation stage, and 36.0% were in the preparation stage.

Conclusion : This study reports the results of a survey, conducted by the KNTA in 2002, concerning the national smoking status of middle school students, relating factors, and levels of motivation for quitting smoking. The smoking cessation education program run by the KNTA had an impact on the motivational stage of smoking cessation.
Key Words: middle school student, smoking rate, smoking cessation education
초록
연구배경 : 국내 청소년 흡연에 관한 최근의 연구들에 의하면 학생들의 첫 흡연 연령이 점차로 낮아지고 있다고 한다. 본 연구는 대한 결핵협회의 2002년도 전국 중학교 순회 흡연예방교육의 일환으로 이루어진 것이다.

방법 : 2002년 4월부터 11월까지 대한결핵협회의 산하 12개 시도 지부에서 중학교 총 125개교를 대상으로 총 14,296명(남-8,697명, 여-5,599명)에 대하여 지역별, 성별, 학년별 흡연실태와 순회 흡연예방교육의 효과를 조사하였다.

결과 : 한번이라도 담배를 피워본 경험이 있는 학생의 비율은 남학생은 18.4% (1학년-15.8%, 2학년-17.6%, 3학년-21.8%), 여학생은 8.3% (1학년-6.2%, 2학년-9.3%, 3학년-9.5%)로 나타났다. 현재 흡연율은 남학생 2.5% (1학년-1.2%, 2학년-1.8%, 3학년-4.6%), 여학생은 1.0% (1학년-0.3%, 2학년-1.2%, 3학년-1.5%)이었다. 현재 흡연율은 남녀 학생 모두 학년이 증가할수록 높았고 남학생이 여학생보다 높았다. 지역별로는 충북이 2.8%로 가장 높았고 전북이 0.9%로 가장 낮았다. 남학생들은 초등학교 6학년(15.9%), 여학생들은 중학교 1학년(28.6%) 때 첫 흡연을 경험한 학생이 가장 많았다. 첫 흡연장소는 남녀 모두 집에서 피운 경우가 가장 많았고 흡연의 동기는 '단순 호기심'이 69.4%로 가장 많았다. 술을 자주 마시는 학생, 부모의 최종학력이 낮은 학생, 또래에 비하여 평균신장이 큰 학생일수록 흡연을 하는 경향이 높았다. 집단 흡연예방교육을 받은 학생군의 흡연율은 남학생의 경우 2.6%로 2.2% 감소하였으나 여학생은 1.6%에서 1.8%로 0.2% 증가한 것으로 나타났다. Prochaska의 금연준비단계에서는 교육 전에는 고려전기(pre-contemplation stage) 34.2%, 고려기(contemplation stage) 34.2%, 준비기(preparation stage) 31.6%였으나 교육 후에는 각각 24.0%, 40.0%, 36.0%로 금연에 대한 동기가 의미있게 상승하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 2002년도 전국 중학생들의 흡연율, 사회인구학적 특성 및 금연에 대한 준비단계를 파악하였고 일 회의 순회 예방교육도 학생들의 금연동기를 상승시키고, 금연에 대한 지식과 태도를 강화함을 확인할 수 있었다.
중심 단어: 중학생, 흡연율, 금연교육


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