Korean J Fam Med > Volume 44(3); 2023 > Article |
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Characteristic | Total (n=1,929) | Possible sarcopenia (n=538) | No sarcopenia (n=1,391) | P-value* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y)† | 69.7±6.5 | 74.1±5.9 | 67.9±5.9 | <0.001 | |
Male | 861 (44.6) | 196 (36.4) | 665 (47.8) | <0.001 | |
Ever married (vs. others) | 1,911 (99.1) | 533 (99.1) | 1,378 (99.1) | 0.991 | |
Currently smoker (vs. others) | 198 (10.3) | 40 (7.4) | 158 (11.4) | 0.011 | |
Drinking problem‡ | 390 (24.9) | 75 (19.0) | 315 (26.9) | 0.002 | |
Chewing problem | 1,072 (55.6) | 337 (62.6) | 735 (38.1) | <0.001 | |
Physical activity (per week)§ | <0.001 | ||||
Walking exercises | 1,163 (60.5) | 265 (49.5) | 898 (64.7) | ||
Strength exercises | 318 (16.5) | 50 (9.3) | 268 (19.3) | ||
Education level | <0.001 | ||||
Elementary school or below | 806 (41.8) | 339 (63.0) | 467 (33.6) | ||
Middle or high school | 847 (43.9) | 159 (29.6) | 688 (49.5) | ||
College or above | 276 (14.3) | 40 (7.4) | 236 (17.0) | ||
Household income (quintile) | <0.001 | ||||
Upper (the 1st) | 589 (30.5) | 254 (47.2) | 335 (24.1) | ||
Middle (the 2nd–4th) | 1,106 (57.3) | 244 (45.4) | 862 (62.0) | ||
Lower (the 5th) | 234 (12.1) | 40 (7.4) | 194 (13.9) | ||
Body mass index category | <0.001 | ||||
Underweight | 35 (1.8) | 22 (4.2) | 13 (0.9) | ||
Normal | 1,139 (59.9) | 323 (62.1) | 816 (59.0) | ||
Overweight or obese | 728 (38.3) | 175 (33.7) | 553 (40.0) | ||
Comorbidities | |||||
Hypertension | 946 (49.0) | 303 (56.3) | 643 (46.2) | <0.001 | |
Diabetes | 375(19.4) | 122(22.7) | 253 (18.2) | 0.025 | |
Dyslipidemia | 576 (29.9) | 152 (28.3) | 424 (30.5) | 0.338 | |
Stroke | 89 (4.6) | 36 (6.7) | 53 (3.8) | 0.007 | |
Myocardial infarction | 50 (2.6) | 18 (3.3) | 32 (2.3) | 0.195 | |
Angina pectoris | 90 (4.7) | 22 (4.1) | 68 (4.9) | 0.456 | |
Arthritis | 502 (26.0) | 172 (32.0) | 330 (23.7) | <0.001 | |
Osteoarthritis | 464 (24.1) | 154 (28.6) | 310 (22.3) | 0.003 | |
Rheumatism | 53 (2.7) | 23 (4.3) | 30 (2.2) | 0.011 | |
Osteoporosis | 285 (14.8) | 132 (24.5) | 153 (11.0) | <0.001 | |
Asthma | 54 (2.8) | 18 (3.4) | 36 (2.6) | 0.366 | |
Thyroid disease | 44 (2.3) | 8 (1.5) | 36 (2.6) | 0.146 | |
Cancer | 63 (3.3) | 21(3.9) | 42(3.0) | >0.01 | |
Anemia | 198 (10.7) | 103 (20.3) | 95 (7.1) | <0.001 | |
Depressive disorder | 72 (3.7) | 35 (6.5) | 37 (2.7) | <0.001 | |
Renal failure | 7 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.4) | 0.422 | |
Hepatitis B | 17 (0.9) | 4 (0.7) | 13 (0.9) | 0.687 | |
Hepatitis C | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.0) | 0.134 | |
Liver cirrhosis | 12 (0.6) | 5 (0.9) | 7 (0.05) | 0.286 | |
Depressive symptoms∥ | 97 (5.0) | 42 (7.8) | 55 (4.0) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard error for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables.
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
‡ Drinking problems were divided into two categories: yes, be recommended stop drinking alcohol or concerned about drinking by a doctor or family; no, never recommended or concerned.
Age (y) | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value* |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 1,929 (100.0) | 2.06 (1.36–3.11) | <0.001 |
60≤ Age <70 | 990 (51.3) | 2.41 (1.16–5.02) | 0.019 |
Age ≥70 | 939 (48.7) | 1.91 (1.09–3.37) | 0.025 |
Model was adjusted for sex, marital status, education, household income, smoking status, drinking status, chewing problem, body mass index, physical activity, and comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, arthritis including osteoarthritis, rheumatism, osteoporosis, asthma, thyroid disease, cancer, anemia, depressive disorder, renal failure, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis).
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidential interval.
Items* | Symptomatic no. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for possible sarcopenia | P-value† |
---|---|---|---|
Little interest or pleasure in doing things | 265 (13.7) | 0.96 (0.72–1.28) | 0.778 |
Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless | 245 (12.7) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) | 0.178 |
Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much | 567 (29.4) | 1.06 (0.86–1.32) | 0.588 |
Feeling tired or having little energy | 574 (29.8) | 1.16 (0.93–1.43) | 0.186 |
Poor appetite or overeating | 230 (11.9) | 1.48 (1.10–1.98) | 0.009 |
Feeling bad about yourself or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down | 182 (9.4) | 1.13 (0.81–1.58) | 0.462 |
Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television | 126 (6.5) | 1.48 (1.01–2.16) | 0.044 |
Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite—being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual | 86 (4.5) | 2.13 (1.37–3.29) | <0.001 |
Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way | 121 (6.3) | 2.74 (1.89–3.97) | <0.001 |
* Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Model was adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, household income, smoking status, drinking status, chewing problem, body mass index, physical activity, and comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, arthritis including osteoarthritis, rheumatism, osteoporosis, asthma, thyroid disease, cancer, anemia, depressive disorder, renal failure, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis).