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Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 1999;20(12):1761-1769.
Published online December 1, 1999.
Factors related to awareness of hypertension.
Yu Heon> Huh, Kyung Mi Kim, Ung Kwan Song, Jae Ho Choi, Jong Wha Lee, Sang Yeoup Lee, Yun Jin Kim
Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea.
고혈압 인지와의 관련인자
허유현, 김경미, 송웅관, 최재호, 이종화, 이상엽, 김윤진
부산대학교 의과대학 가정의학교실
Abstract
Background
: Hypertension is a common disease and one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Majority of patients with hypertension are unaware of their conditions until complications develop. Awareness of hypertension is important in treating and controlling of hypertension. Therefore, we conducted a study o the factors related to awareness of hypertension.

Methods : Awareness of hypertension was evaluated by measuring blood pressure(BP) in 3,344 subjects visiting a health promotion center in Pusan National University Hospital from June 1996 to May 1997. All subjects completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic factors and family history. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP above 140mmHg and/or diastolic BP above 90mmHg. 135 subjects were diagnosed as hypertension.

Results : Among 315 hypertensive, only 135 subjects(42.9%) were aware of their conditions. With respect to sex, women had a getter awareness of hypertension than men(51.6% vs. 36.9%, P<0.005). The awareness was greater for the subjects aged over 60 years than for the subjects aged 30-49 years(53.3% vs. 36.5%), and it was statistically significant(P<0.005). The subjects with stage III hypertension had a better awareness of hypertension than the subjects with stage I (65.5% vs. 32.6%, P<0.005). In the occupation-types, the awareness was highest in the group without occupations. But except the group without occupations(56.2%), the awareness was highest in the group of domestic affairs (housewives, 53.2%). Education level and monthly mean income were not related to awareness of hypertension. With respect to marital state, the rate of awareness is highest in the group of widows or widowers(55.8%, P<0.05). The subjects with family history of hypertension had a better awareness of hypertension than the subjects without(59.6% vs. 35.7%, P<0.05). The rate of alcohol drinking(47.4% vs. 66.7%), smoking(21.5% vs. 31.6%) and high salt intake(17.0% vs. 25.0%) were lower and the performance rate of regular exercise(24.4% vs. 13.3%) was higher in those who were aware of their hypertension than those who were not.

Conclusion : The awareness of hypertension was also associated with sex, age, marital state, occupation, stage of hypertension, family history of hypertension, and was related too the performance of life-style modification (alcohol drinking, smoking, salt intake, exercise).
초록
연구배경 : 고혈압은 흔하고 중요한 질환이지만, 고혈압을 가진 환자들의 대부분은 고혈압의 합병증이 발생하기까지 자신들의 상태를 인지하지 못하고 있다. 고혈압의 인지는 고혈압을 치료하고 관리하는데 중요하므로, 저자 등은 고혈압의 인지와의 관련인자들을 알아보고자 하였다.

방법 : 1996년 6월부터 1997년 5월까지 건강검진을 목적으로 부산의 한 3차 병원을 방문한 사람들 총 3,344명 중 고혈압으로 판정된 315명을 대상으로 하였다. 고혈압 인지와의 관련인자 조사는 설문지를 이용하여 실시하였다. 고혈압은 안정된 상태에서 앉은 자세로 2회 측정하여 그 측정값의 평균 수축기 혈압이 140mmHg 이상이거나 확장기 혈압이 90mmHg 이상인 경우로 정의하였다.

결과 : 고혈압 환자들 중 단지 135명(42.9%)만이 그들의 상태를 인지하고 있었다. 여자의 인지율(51.6%)이 남자(36.9%)보다 높았으며(P<0.05), 40대 이사(36.5%)에서 50대(40.5%), 60대 이상(53.3%)으로 나이가 들어 갈수록 인지율은 높아졌다(P<0.05). 교육정도와 평균 월수입은 인지율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 사별한 경우네 인지율(55.8%)이 높았으며(P<0.05),직업별로는 무직을 제외하고는 가사를 돌보는 주부의 경우 고혈압 인지율(52.7%)이 가장 높았다(P<0.05).
고혈압의 분류에 있어서 제 1기(32.6%), 제 2기(43.8%), 제 3기(65.5%)로 갈수록 인지율이 유의하게 높아지는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 고혈압 가족력이 있는 경우의 인지율(59.6%)이 가족력이 없는 경우(35.7%)보다 높았다(P<0.05). 생활습관(음주, 흡연, 운동, 염분섭취)에 있어서는, 고혈압을 인지하고 있는 사람이 음주율과 흡연율이 낮았고, 저염식이를 하는 경우가 많았으며, 운동을 규칙적으로 하는 비율이 높았다(P<0.05).

결론 : 고혈압 인지와 관련이 있는 인자는 성별, 연령, 직업, 결혼 상태, 고혈압 정도, 고혈압 가족력 등이며, 또한 고혈압 인지는 생활습관의 개선과도 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.( 가정의학회지 1999;20:1761-1769)


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