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Brief Communications
Intravenous Iron Therapy: Re-administration after Prior Adverse Reaction
Tim Aung, Hla Thein, Sandy Tin Aung, Benjamin Tin Aung Soe, Ei Ohnmar
Korean J Fam Med 2023;44(6):350-354.   Published online August 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0039
Background
Intravenous (IV) iron therapy is performed in community practices and hospitals with modern formulations when oral administration becomes impractical. Effective replacement of iron is important for the treatment of iron deficiency and anemia. Can IV iron be rechallenged in individuals with a history of adverse reactions? This review is to explore the challenge of this, when clinically indicated.
Methods
After performing a literature search, five studies (combined total sample number=1,006) for re-exposure of IV iron to individuals with a history of past reactions were identified, observed, and analyzed. Re-exposure included reactions ranging from mild to moderate and few cases of severe type.
Results
The majority (>80%) of IV iron rechallenges were tolerable, safe, and successful without major serious incidents. There were no reports of major reactions (severe hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis) in these re-exposures.
Conclusion
Re-administration of IV iron therapy in patients with a previous adverse reaction is plausible, with benefit and risk stratification. A rechallenge would depend on the nature and degree of the adverse reaction and use of alternative formulations. Rechallenge to a previous severe hypersensitivity reaction or anaphylaxis with the same product has not been reported in these studies. Evidence on the benefit of premedication use is conflicting and requires further studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The experiences of ferric carboxymaltose desensitization and provocation
    Fatma Dindar Çelik, Kurtuluş Aksu, Özgür Akkale, Hatice Çelik Tuğlu, Melis Yağdıran, Onur Telli, Gürgün Tuğçe Vural Solak, Enes Çelik
    World Allergy Organization Journal.2025; 18(2): 101025.     CrossRef
  • Intravenous Iron Versus Oral Iron Administration for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Patient-Preference Study
    Ranya Ghamri, Hadeel Alsulami
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,176 View
  • 110 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
Prediction of Food Allergens Sensitization Based on History Taking Technique in Young Children
Jeongmin Lee, Kyunguk Jeong, Eunjoo Lee, Sooyoung Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(5):407-410.   Published online September 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0033
Background
The diagnosis of food allergies needs to be confirmed through an oral food challenge (OFC). However, specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) concentrations analyzed by serological tests are also helpful in determining OFC items and predicting the presence of allergic reactions. Unfortunately, there is a limit to the number of antigens that can be simultaneously evaluated at one time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the possibility of detecting sIgE antibodies against food using clues in self-reported food allergy symptoms.
Methods
Medical records of 377 patients aged 3 years or younger were collected for egg white-, cow’s milk-, walnut- and soybean-sIgE sensitization, and related clinical history. Each clinical history was classified into class 1: direct-isolated intake resulting in anaphylaxis or hives with consistent clincical history; class 2a: class 1 with inconsistency; class 2b: indirect-mixed intake resulting in anaphylaxis or hives regardless of consistency; class 2c: direct/indirect-isolated/mixed intake resulting in itching without hives, vomiting, or diarrhea with consistent clincical history; or class 3: class 2c with inconsistency or asymptomatic to direct, isolated exposure.
Results
The area under the curve (AUC) of class 1 for cow’s milk was 0.790, and the accuracy was 78.0%. The AUC of class 1 and 2 for egg white was better than that of class 1 (0.750), and the accuracy rate was 77.6%. The AUCs of class 1 for walnut and soybean were 0.775 and 0.662, respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, sIgE sensitization to foods could be predicted by the combination of exposure and selfreported symptoms in children under 3 years of age.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Oral Food Challenge in Children with Tree Nut and Peanut Allergy: The Predictive Value of Diagnostic Tests
    Ludovica Cela, Alessandro Gravina, Antonio Semeraro, Francesca Pastore, Rebecca Morelli, Lavinia Marchetti, Giulia Brindisi, Francesca Olivero, Maria Grazia Piccioni, Anna Maria Zicari, Caterina Anania
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(18): 2069.     CrossRef
  • 4,114 View
  • 77 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
Sickness Certification Behavior amongst Primary Care Physicians: A Descriptive Analysis of Indirect Measures Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha, Arvinder-Singh HS
Korean J Fam Med 2020;41(4):267-270.   Published online January 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0056
Background
The provision of sick leave to patients in general practice often entails a complex decision-making process. Commonly, general practitioners believe that the act of providing sick leave can become confrontational. We assessed the intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control of general practitioners in relation to sick leave provision at public health clinics in Malaysia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was implemented using data from 86 primary health care clinics in two states in Malaysia from February 2014 to March 2015. A questionnaire that comprised indirect measures were developed on the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The questionnaire assessed several dimensions related to sickness certification provision viz., intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.
Results
The mean scores in this study revealed that physicians acknowledged that patient factors such as clinical symptoms (6.59±0.04), debilitating signs and symptoms of diseases (6.45±0.06), importance of illness recovery (6.07±0.07), and approval of employers (5.35±0.09) played an important role in their decision to provide sick leave.
Conclusion
The act of providing sickness certification to patients is a complex decision-making process. The findings of this study can be used to devise a targeted intervention to reduce the conflict that physicians face in issuing sick leaves.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Characteristics of Sick Leave Holders at the Primary Healthcare Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Salma Al-Kalbani, Anwaar Al-Lawati
    Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care.2025; 11(2): 29.     CrossRef
  • 4,397 View
  • 62 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Serum Cadmium Level Is Positively Associated with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Incidence
Bich Nae Ri Yoon, Jun Beom Lee, Ga Heon Jin, Won Yong Kim
Korean J Fam Med 2019;40(4):273-277.   Published online February 7, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.17.0140
Background
Cadmium is a toxic element in cigarette smoke associated with ischemic vascular disease. Its association with cerebral aneurysm is unknown.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with headache who underwent imaging studies between March 2014 and August 2016. An unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) was confirmed by brain magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. A control group included age- and sexmatched patients without an UIA. Whole blood and random urine tests were used for detection of cadmium and arsenic levels, respectively. Student t-test was used to compare subject characteristics, mean cadmium and arsenic levels between groups, and differences between groups with small (<4-mm) and large (≥4-mm) UIAs. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for aneurysm incidence.
Results
Of 238 patients, 25 had an UIA. Those with an UIA had more pack-years of smoking (19.5±3.8 vs. 12.5±6.8, P=0.044) and higher mean serum cadmium levels (1.77±0.19 vs. 0.87±0.21 µg/L, P=0.027). Arsenic levels showed no difference between groups. (67.4±23.5 vs. 62.2±18.3 µg/L, P=0.458). There were no significantly different demographic, clinical, or laboratory characteristics between small and large aneurysm groups. According to multivariate analysis, smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.33; P=0.047) and serum cadmium >2.0 mcg/L (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.15–1.84; P=0.043) were associated with aneurysm incidence.
Conclusion
UIA incidence was associated with pack-years of smoking and serum cadmium level, but aneurysm size was not associated with serum cadmium level.

Citations

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  • Impact of lifetime and current smoking exposure on the rupture status, number, and size of intracranial aneurysms
    Ramazan Jabbarli, Marvin Darkwah Oppong, Meltem Gümüs, Mehdi Chihi, Thiemo Florin Dinger, Laurèl Rauschenbach, Yahya Ahmadipour, Philipp Dammann, Yan Li, Nika Guberina, Karsten H. Wrede, Ulrich Sure
    Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2025; 254: 108924.     CrossRef
  • Cigarette Smoking and Observed Growth of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
    Maria José Pachón-Londoño, Maged T. Ghoche, Brandon A. Nguyen, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Vita Olson, Devi P. Patra, Evelyn L. Turcotte, Zhen Wang, Brooke S. Halpin, Chandan Krishna, Ali Turkmani, Fredric B. Meyer, Bernard R. Bendok
    Stroke.2024; 55(10): 2420.     CrossRef
  • Hemodynamic Analysis of Pipeline Embolization Device Stent for Treatment of Giant Intracranial Aneurysm under Unsupervised Learning Algorithm
    Haibin Gao, Wei You, Jian Lv, Youxiang Li, Le Sun
    Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Urinary cadmium and stroke - a case-cohort study in Danish never-smokers
    Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Clara G. Sears, James Harrington, Chanelle J. Howe, Katherine A. James, Nina Roswall, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Gregory A. Wellenius, Jaymie Meliker, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
    Environmental Research.2021; 200: 111394.     CrossRef
  • Blood cadmium concentration and risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Martin Söderholm, Yan Borné, Bo Hedblad, Margaretha Persson, Lars Barregard, Gunnar Engström
    Environmental Research.2020; 180: 108826.     CrossRef
  • Chemical Composition and Microbial Contaminants of Poha Beer: A Local Nonalcoholic Beverage in the Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana
    Julius T. Dongdem, James Abugri, Clement A. Asakedola, Todd R. Callaway
    International Journal of Microbiology.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
  • 5,617 View
  • 68 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
Background

Protein intake in South Korea is generally considered to be adequate; however, there is concern that it may be inadequate among the elderly. This study evaluated the adequacy of protein intake, the source of protein, and the distribution of protein intake in daily meals in the Korean elderly population.

Methods

Data were obtained from 1,484 men and 2,028 women aged 60 years or older who had participated in the nutrition survey of the 2013–2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. One-day (24-hour) recall data were used to estimate the daily protein intake.

Results

The mean protein intake was 65.3±1.0 g/d (13.1%±0.1% of energy) and 49.7±0.7 g/d (12.6%±0.1% of energy) for men and women, respectively. The protein intake was less than the estimated average requirement in 30.8%±1.4% of men and 42.6%±1.3% of women, and 47.9%±1.6% and 60.1%±1.4%, respectively, consumed less than the recommended daily allowance. The protein intake was relatively evenly distributed among meals; however, the absolute amount of protein consumption per meal was very low. Only one-third of the protein intake came from animal sources.

Conclusion

The quantity and quality of protein intake were inadequate in the elderly Korean population.

Citations

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  • Analysis of the Texture and Preference for Senior-Friendly Foods using Protein Sources : Focus on Older Adults in Jellanam-do
    Borham Yoon, A Young Han, Ji-bum Um, In Yong Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2025; 35(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Assessment of Older Korean Adults by Level of Plant Protein Intake
    Yong-Seok Kwon, Ye-Jun Kim, Jeong-Hun Song, Yangsuk Kim
    Nutrients.2025; 17(12): 1976.     CrossRef
  • Development of Protein Enhanced Diet for Socially Vulnerable Elderly
    Jihye Hong, Hyung-Geun Jeon, Seulgi Kim, Gitae Park
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Regional differences in protein intake and protein sources of Korean older adults and their association with metabolic syndrome using the 2016–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: a cross-sectional study
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(3): 173.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship of Pork Meat Consumption with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Biomarkers of Health Status in Korean Older Adults
    Ah-Jin Jung, Anshul Sharma, Mei Chung, Taylor C. Wallace, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4188.     CrossRef
  • The association between meat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in Korean men using the Framingham risk score: A prospective cohort study
    Jiwon Jeong, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2023; 33(6): 1158.     CrossRef
  • Amino acid intake with protein food source and incident dyslipidemia in Korean adults from the Ansan and Ansung Study and the Health Examinee Study
    Sangwon Chung, Jae Ho Park, Hyojee Joung, Kyungho Ha, Sangah Shin
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Consumer Acceptance of Texture-Modified Mackerel Stew Products in Older Adults
    Hye-Ji Seo, Seo-Jin Chung, Mi-Sook Cho, Ju-Yeon Park, Jieun Oh
    Foods.2023; 12(22): 4049.     CrossRef
  • Association between dairy protein and body composition in middle-aged and older women: A community-based, 12-year, prospective cohort study
    Jun-Hyuk Lee, A-Ra Cho, Yu-Jin Kwon
    Clinical Nutrition.2022; 41(2): 460.     CrossRef
  • Association between Dietary Protein Intake, Regular Exercise, and Low Back Pain among Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults without Osteoarthritis of the Lumbar Spine
    Hye-Mi Noh, Yi Hwa Choi, Soo Kyung Lee, Hong Ji Song, Yong Soon Park, Namhyun Kim, Jeonghoon Cho
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(5): 1220.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Dietary Protein Intake and Its Adequacy among Korean Adults: Data from the 2010 ~ 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
    Hyunji Ham, Kyungho Ha
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Validation of a New Food Frequency Questionnaire for Protein Intake Assessment in Korean
    Eunseo Heu, Yunjung Lee, Donghyun Kim, Yong-Chan Ha, Yongsoon Park
    Journal of Bone Metabolism.2022; 29(1): 35.     CrossRef
  • The Inverse Association of Sarcopenia and Protein-Source Food and Vegetable Intakes in the Korean Elderly: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
    Seon-Joo Park, Junghyun Park, Chang Won Won, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Nutrients.2022; 14(7): 1375.     CrossRef
  • The Association Between Total Protein Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Middle Aged and Older Korean Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
    Yu-Jin Kwon, Hye Sun Lee, Go Eun Park, Hyung-Mi Kim, Jung Joo Lee, Woo Jeong Kim, Ji-Won Lee
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Frequency of steamed food consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean females: data from Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    Young-Ran Heo, Jeong-Hwa Choi
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(2): 309.     CrossRef
  • Low-protein diet is inversely related to the incidence of chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and older adults: results from a community-based prospective cohort study
    Yu-Jin Kwon, Kyongmin Park, Jun-Hyuk Lee
    European Journal of Nutrition.2022; 61(7): 3795.     CrossRef
  • Associations between the quality of life in sarcopenia measured with the SarQoL® and nutritional status
    Yongtaek Kim, Ki Soo Park, Jun Il Yoo
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between dietary branched-chain amino acid intake and skeletal muscle mass index among Korean adults: Interaction with obesity
    Minjeong Chae, Hyoung Su Park, Kyong Park
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 203.     CrossRef
  • Adequate protein intake in older adults in the context of frailty: cross-sectional results of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2014–2017
    Szu-Yun Wu, Nai-Hua Yeh, Hsing-Yi Chang, Chi-Fen Wang, Shu-Yi Hung, Shin-Jiuan Wu, Wen-Harn Pan
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2021; 114(2): 649.     CrossRef
  • Higher Branched-Chain Amino Acid Intake Is Associated with Handgrip Strength among Korean Older Adults
    Seonghee Park, Minjeong Chae, Hyoungsu Park, Kyong Park
    Nutrients.2021; 13(5): 1522.     CrossRef
  • Dairy protein intake is inversely related to development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    Jun-Hyuk Lee, Hye Sun Lee, Sang Bong Ahn, Yu-Jin Kwon
    Clinical Nutrition.2021; 40(10): 5252.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Protein Intake Dynamics in Elderly Chinese from 1991 to 2018
    Yifei Ouyang, Tingyi Tan, Xiaoyun Song, Feifei Huang, Bing Zhang, Gangqiang Ding, Huijun Wang
    Nutrients.2021; 13(11): 3806.     CrossRef
  • Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: Using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort
    Hyerim Park, Anthony Kityo, Yeonjin Kim, Sang-Ah Lee
    Nutrients.2021; 13(12): 4457.     CrossRef
  • Can initial sarcopenia affect poststroke rehabilitation outcome?
    Yongjun Jang, Sun Im, Yeonjae Han, Hyunjung Koo, Donggyun Sohn, Geun-Young Park
    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2020; 71: 113.     CrossRef
  • Association of milk consumption frequency on muscle mass and strength: an analysis of three representative Korean population studies
    Jun-Hyuk Lee, Hye Sun Lee, Hyungmi Kim, Yu-Jin Kwon, Ji-Won Lee
    European Journal of Nutrition.2020; 59(7): 3257.     CrossRef
  • Estimation of Dietary Amino Acid Intake and Independent Correlates of Skeletal Muscle Mass Index among Korean Adults
    Minjeong Chae, Hyoungsu Park, Kyong Park
    Nutrients.2020; 12(4): 1043.     CrossRef
  • Socio-Economic Factors are Associated with Risk of Inadequate Protein Intake among Korean Elderly: Based on the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ), 2016-2018
    Won Jang, Ho Kyung Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2020; 31(2): 215.     CrossRef
  • Protein intake and osteosarcopenic adiposity in Korean adults aged 50 years and older
    M.-K. Choi, Y.-J. Bae
    Osteoporosis International.2020; 31(12): 2363.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Dairy Protein Intake on Muscle Mass among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
    Eunjin So, Hyojee Joung
    Nutrients.2020; 12(9): 2537.     CrossRef
  • Differences in the Association Among the Vitamin D Concentration, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Metabolic Syndrome Depending on Pre- and Postmenopausal Status in Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study


    Hyejin Chun, Gi Dae Kim, Miae Doo
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 3601.     CrossRef
  • Animal Protein Intake Is Positively Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Korean Men
    Sangwon Chung, Min-Yu Chung, Hyo-Kyoung Choi, Jae Ho Park, Jin-Taek Hwang, Hyojee Joung
    Nutrients.2020; 12(11): 3415.     CrossRef
  • Different Associations of Socioeconomic Status on Protein Intake in the Korean Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Du Ho Kwon, Hyun Ah Park, Young Gyu Cho, Kyoung Woo Kim, Na Hee Kim
    Nutrients.2019; 12(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Animal and Plant Protein Intake and Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a Korean Elderly Population
    Ki-Byeong Park, Hyun Ah Park, Jae-Heon Kang, Kyoungwoo Kim, Young Gyu Cho, Jinyoung Jang
    Nutrients.2018; 10(5): 577.     CrossRef
  • Protein Intake Recommendation for Korean Older Adults to Prevent Sarcopenia: Expert Consensus by the Korean Geriatric Society and the Korean Nutrition Society
    Hee-Won Jung, Sun-Wook Kim, Il-Young Kim, Jae-Young Lim, Hyoung-Su Park, Wook Song, Hyung Joon Yoo, Hak- Chul Jang, Kirang Kim, Yongsoon Park, Yoon Jung Park, Soo Jin Yang, Hae-Jeung Lee, Chang Won Won
    Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2018; 22(4): 167.     CrossRef
  • 7,101 View
  • 189 Download
  • 26 Web of Science
  • 34 Crossref
Background

Recently, several institutions, including the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the Sleep Research Society, and the National Sleep Foundation, have made consensus recommendations concerning appropriate sleep duration for adults. Although numerous studies conducted in Western populations have provided evidence of the harmful effects of short or long sleep duration on mental health, it is still unclear whether these consensus recommendations are appropriate in Korean culture.

Methods

Data from 1,892 subjects with no history of medical or psychiatric diagnoses were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2014. Subjects were divided into seven groups based on their sleep duration (≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and ≥10 hours). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and perceived stress severity was evaluated using a Likert-type scale. Group differences in depressive symptoms and severity of stress were analyzed using an analysis of covariance.

Results

Depressive symptoms in subjects with sleep duration of ≤4 hours (5.7±5.9) or 5 hours (3.4±3.9) were higher than in subjects with a sleep duration of 7 (2.2±2.9) or 8 hours (2.2±2.9) (corrected P<0.05). Furthermore, subjects with a short sleep duration (5 hours or below) had greater perceived stress severity than subjects with a sleep duration of 7 or 8 hours (corrected P<0.05).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that maintaining an appropriate sleep duration as found in the recent consensus recommendation is important for mental health, even in healthy subjects without any medical or psychiatric illnesses, in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association Between Depression and the Short Sleep Duration on Weekdays and Weekends in South Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Mi-Jung Eum, Euna Si
    Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 1043.     CrossRef
  • Association of sleep duration and risk of mental disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jinhe Zhang, Mengyang He, Xuan Wang, Hairong Jiang, Jinchang Huang, Sixiang Liang
    Sleep and Breathing.2024; 28(1): 261.     CrossRef
  • Mediating roles of sleep quality and resilience in the relationships between chronotypes and mental health symptoms
    Kean Poon, Mimi S. H. Ho, Alan P. L. Tai, Mei-Kei Leung, Meanne C. M. Chan, Way K. W. Lau
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sleep patterns and their associations with psychiatric symptoms among Chinese healthcare workers: a latent profile analysis
    Yingjun Xiang, Shujuan Wei, Xiaoya Sun, Weiting Yang, Yaohui Han, Xuanzhen Wu
    Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Trends in Sleep and Related Factors Among South Korean Adults From 2009 to 2018
    Jee-Eun Yoon, Dana Oh, Inha Hwang, Jung A Park, Hee-Jin Im, Daeyoung Kim, Kwang Ik Yang, Min Kyung Chu, Chang-Ho Yun
    Journal of Clinical Neurology.2023; 19(4): 392.     CrossRef
  • Prenatal and early childhood exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water and sleep quality in adulthood: a retrospective cohort study
    Charlotte R. Doran, Ann Aschengrau
    Environmental Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy program on mental health status among medical student in Palestine during COVID pandemic
    Ahmad Hanani, Manal Badrasawi, Souzan Zidan, Marah Hunjul
    BMC Psychiatry.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of weekend catch-up sleep ratio and subjective sleep quality with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents
    Hyunseo Lee, Yeon-Jeong Kim, Yong-Hyun Jeon, Seung Hoon Kim, Eun-Cheol Park
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sleep Pattern Is Related to Mental Health among Chinese Collegiate Student Athletes
    Wei Wei, Weimin Liu
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(15): 8961.     CrossRef
  • Association between sleep duration and mental health among disabled population over the three-year follow-ups
    Jin-Won Noh, Jae-Hyun Kim, Min-Hee Heo, So Hee Lee
    Journal of Affective Disorders Reports.2022; 10: 100422.     CrossRef
  • The associations between sleep duration, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms: An analysis of Chinese adolescents from China Family Panel Studies
    Tong Zhou, Rui Li, Yan Shi, Gang Tian, Yan Yan
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2022; 319: 252.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Associations between Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration Concerning the Risk of Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Indonesia
    Vivi Leona Amelia, Hsiu-Ju Jen, Tso-Ying Lee, Li-Fang Chang, Min-Huey Chung
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14273.     CrossRef
  • Effect of walking behavior on perceived stress based on binary multi-level modeling
    Dianxu Ren, Amy M. Kwon
    Journal of Public Health.2021; 29(2): 427.     CrossRef
  • The Associations between Sleep Duration, Academic Pressure, and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Adolescents: Results from China Family Panel Studies
    Tong Zhou, Gang Cheng, Xihong Wu, Rui Li, Chao Li, Gang Tian, Simin He, Yan Yan
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 6134.     CrossRef
  • Association of Nighttime Sleep Duration with Depressive Symptoms and Its Interaction with Regular Physical Activity among Chinese Adolescent Girls
    Xueyin Wang, Jiangli Di, Gengli Zhao, Linhong Wang, Xiaosong Zhang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11199.     CrossRef
  • Association between habitual weekday sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents:The role of mode of birth delivery
    Lan Guo, Tian Wang, Wanxin Wang, Beifang Fan, Bo Xie, Huimin Zhang, Yuhua Liao, Ciyong Lu
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2020; 265: 583.     CrossRef
  • Association between sleep duration and quality and depressive symptoms among university students: A cross-sectional study
    Wang Li, Jianjun Yin, Xianfeng Cai, Xin Cheng, Yongxiang Wang, Vincenzo De Luca
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(9): e0238811.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between Physical Activity, Sleeping Time, and Psychological Distress in Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese
    Yukio Yamamoto, Hiromi Suzuki, Yutaka Owari, Nobuyuki Miyatake
    Medicina.2019; 55(7): 318.     CrossRef
  • 6,757 View
  • 91 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • 18 Crossref
The Relationship between the Blood Level of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Hyo-Min Kim, Chang-Ho Youn, Hae Jin Ko, Seon-Hwa Lee, Yu-Mi Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2017;38(4):233-238.   Published online July 20, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.4.233
Background

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic materials that cannot be broken down naturally and that easily accumulate in the body. Although several studies have attempted to uncover the effects of POPs on the endocrine and nervous systems and on cancer, few focus on the relationship between low-dose POPs and public health. Here, we attempt to determine the relationship between the level of POPs and common gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and constipation.

Methods

We recruited 121 subjects who visited Kyungpook National University Medical Center for health screening. Plasma concentrations were evaluated for 40 kinds of POPs including 17 types of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 23 types of organochlorine pesticides (OCP). Furthermore, the Korean version of the Rome III criteria was used to identify gastrointestinal symptoms.

Results

Based on our results, abdominal discomfort showed an inverse relationship with several PCBs and an inverted U-shaped relationship with several other OCPs including pp-DDD and pp-DDT. The effects of pp-DDD and pp-DDT on abdominal discomfort were similar to those of OCPs on obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that mild and unspecified gastrointestinal symptoms with no clear causes could be related to POP levels.

Citations

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    Joshua Kearns
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Patients' Perceived Quality of Family Physicians' Primary Care with or without 'Family Medicine' in the Clinic Name
Ka Young Kim, Kangjin Lim, Eal Whan Park, Eun Young Choi, Yoo Seock Cheong
Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(5):303-307.   Published online September 21, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.5.303
Background

Patients' perspectives of family medicine according to the physician's identity and role as a primary-care specialist need to be investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the perceived quality of the primary care of family medicine clinics as assessed by patients in a community setting.

Methods

Patients (or their guardians) visiting nine community family medicine clinics were surveyed using the Korean Primary Care Assessment Tool from April 2014 to June 2014. The scores of the Korean Primary Care Assessment Tool domains were compared according to the clinics' designation (or not) as 'family medicine' and the patients' recognition (or not) of the physicians as board-certified family medicine specialists.

Results

A total of 196 subjects responded to the questionnaire. They assessed the community clinics' quality of primary care as moderate to high. Of the clinics, those that were not designated as family medicine scored higher than those that were designated as family medicine (P<0.05). The group of patients that recognized a clinic as that of a board-certified family medicine specialist awarded higher scores than the non-recognition group in the domains of coordination function and personalized care (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The moderate to high scores for the community family medicine clinics' quality of primary care are encouraging. It seems that patients' recognition of the family physician's role and of the physician-patient relationship has a significant influence on their assessment of the quality of primary care.

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    Ning Zhao, Mei Gu, Jin Li, Haiyan Zhang, Jia Yang
    BMC Health Services Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Public Awareness and Perception of Family Medicine in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
    Bashair M Alshammrani, Renad O Aljuhani, Khadijah M Basaqr, Eman A Bin Mahfouz, Ebtisam M Alhawsawi, Reem Alqahtani
    Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Aile Hekimliği Uygulamasını Daha Az Tercih Eden Kişilerin Uygulama Hakkındaki Bilgilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
    Fatma Nur ÖZDEMİR, Can ÖNER, Huseyin CETİN, Engin Ersin ŞİMŞEK
    Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2022; 16(4): 823.     CrossRef
  • In the Name of Family Medicine: A Nationwide Survey of Registered Names of Family Medicine Clinics in Taiwan
    Ya-An Liu, Sally Cheng, Ya-Chuan Hsu, Po-Chin Yang, Hsiao-Ting Chang, Ming-Hwai Lin, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Li-Fang Chou, Shinn-Jang Hwang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(11): 4062.     CrossRef
  • Public's perception and satisfaction on the role and services provided by family physicians in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
    AmnahAli Abdulqader Elagi, BasemAmer Jaber, AlmontherHussain Ahmed Wassly, RubaMohammed Sallam Ahmed, FatimahAli Ahmed Bosily
    Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2019; 8(10): 3282.     CrossRef
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence against Iranian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Fathola Mohamadian, Ataollah Hashemian, Maryam Bagheri, Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam
Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(4):253-258.   Published online July 21, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.4.253
Background

Violence against women in families is the most common form of violence against them. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and its effects on married women of Ilam.

Methods

In this descriptive-sectional research, 334 married women referred to medical health centers in Ilam were selected to participate using a random sampling method. After obtaining their consent to participate in the study, participants responded to a 46 items questionnaire and responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows ver. 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results

The majority of the participants reported experiencing domestic violence and emotional violence was more prevalent than other kinds of violence. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower education level, marriage at a younger age, shorter duration of marriage, fewer children, being a housewife, and husband's unemployment had a significant relationship with domestic violence against women.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of wife abuse in Ilam especially emotional violence due to lower education levels and marriage at younger age could be a serious threat for women's health as well as for other members of the family. This could be a grounding factor for other social harms such as suicide and this issue must be studied from legal, religious, and cultural standpoints.

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    Roghayeh Khosravi, Serajeddin Mahmoudiani, Manzar Abedi
    Shiraz E-Medical Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mira M. Abu-Elenin, Ahmed A. Elshora, Mohamed Saad Sadaka, Doaa E. Abdeldaim
    BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Noha M. Abu Bakr Elsaid, Shaimaa A. Shehata, Haydy Hassan Sayed, Heba Saber Mohammed, Zeinab F. Abdel-Fatah
    Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Faustin Habyarimana, Temesgen Zewotir, Shaun Ramroop
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    Elham Khanlarzadeh, Nasrin Jiryaee
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    Baohua Zheng, Xidi Zhu, Zhao Hu, Wensu Zhou, Yunhan Yu, Shilin Yin, Huilan Xu
    BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • The Effect of Resilience and Stress Coping Styles on Suicide Attempts in Females Reporting Spouse-Related Abuse
    Sepideh Hajian, Simin Kasaeinia, Mahboubeh Ahmadi Doulabi
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  • Factors Associated With Domestic Violence Against Women in Iran: An Exploratory Multicenter Community-Based Study
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    Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Emirati Residents in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Jayadevan Sreedharan, Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil, Shatha al Sharbatti, Sana Hassoun, Rawda Safadi, Iehab Abderahman, Wathib Abdulsamad Hameed, Abdul Mohsen Ibrahim, Mohamed Tahir Takana, Ahmad Mohammad Fouda
Korean J Fam Med 2015;36(5):253-257.   Published online September 18, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2015.36.5.253
Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type-2 is a major public health concern worldwide. Not much information is available with regard to the incidence of DM in United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed at determining the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus among Emirati population in Ajman, UAE. This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This study was conducted in all primary health care centers and Shaikh Khalifa and GMC Hospitals, Ajman, UAE where the Emirati population primarily go for diagnosis and treatment. The incident cases of diabetes mellitus were collected during the period 2010 January to December.

Results

A total of 158 cases newly detected in 2010, 54 were among non-Emiratis and one was type-1 diabetes. Eliminating these, the remaining 101 were included in the analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 23 years to 78 years; 35 (34.7%) males and 66 (65.3%) were females. The overall incidence observed was 4.8/1,000 person-years (PY) with a female predominance of 6.3/1,000 PY against incidence among males of 3.3/1,000 PY. With regard to age specific incidence rate among males, it increases with age till 60 years and then showed a decreasing trend. Among females also the same trend was observed but not as similar to males.

Conclusion

The highest incidence rate was observed in the 55-59 age group among males, 23.4/1,000 PY and females, 32.4/1,000 PY. Among males the incidence rate was much less compared to females in-the age groups older than 59 years.

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    Rifat Hamoudi, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Salah Abusnana, Hayat Aljaibeji, Jalal Taneera, Nabil Sulaiman
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The subject of the cost and value of medical education is becoming increasingly important. However, this subject is not a new one. Fifty years ago, Mr. DH Patey, Dr. OF Davies, and Dr. John Ellis published a report on the state of postgraduate medical education in the UK. The report was wide-ranging, but it made a considerable mention of cost. In this short article, I have presented the documentary research that I conducted on their report. I have analyzed it from a positivist perspective and have concentrated on the subject of cost, as it appears in their report. The authors describe reforms within postgraduate medical education; however, they are clear from the start that the issue of cost can often be a barrier to such reforms. They state the need for basic facilities for medical education, but then outline the financial barriers to their development. The authors then discuss the costs of library services for education. They state that the "annual spending on libraries varies considerably throughout the country." The authors also describe the educational experiences of newly graduated doctors. According to them, the main problem is that these doctors do not have time to attend formal educational events, and that this will not be possible until there is "a more graduated approach to responsible clinical work," something which is not possible without financial investment. While concluding their report, the authors state that the limited money invested in postgraduate medical education and continuing medical education has been well spent, and that this has had a dual effect on improving medical education as well as the standards of medical care.

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    Global Health: Science and Practice.2022; 10(4): e2200008.     CrossRef
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Rate of Missing Socioeconomic Factors in the 4th KNHANES
Hyun Ah Park
Korean J Fam Med 2012;33(6):406-409.   Published online November 27, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.6.406

This study is to assess how missing values in socioeconomic status (SES) variables were handled in the Korean Journal of Family Medicine (KJFM) article using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data and to estimate the rate of missing SES variables from the 4th KNHANES. We searched all original articles published in the KJFM from 2007 to 2011 and identified those that used KNHANES as their primary source of data. None of the 11 articles which presented KNHANES SES variables took into account of omitions in the analysis. The estimated rate of missing data on education, household income, marital status, and occupation data of the 4th KNHANES was 0.3 (0.05)%, 2.7 (0.2)%, 0.5 (0.1)%, and 9.4 (0.9)%, respectively. When all four variables were used simultaneously, the rates increased to 11.8 (0.9)%. Respondents with missing household income tended to be older (P < 0.001), less educated (P < 0.001), and more likely to be unemployed (P < 0.001), and widowed (P < 0.001). A similar relationship was shown for missing occupation data. Omissions in SES variables in KNHANES were related to certain characteristics of study participants. Researchers using KNHANES data should keep in mind the possible bias which can be introduced by missing SES values.

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    Jimpei Misawa, Rie Ichikawa, Akiko Shibuya, Yukihiro Maeda, Teruyoshi Hishiki, Yoshiaki Kondo, Enrique Hernandez-Lemus
    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(7): e0200578.     CrossRef
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  • The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as a Primary Data Source
    Hyun Ah Park
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2013; 34(2): 79.     CrossRef
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  • 34 Download
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Changes in Skin Color after Smoking Cessation
Young Hye Cho, Dong Wook Jeong, Sang Hee Seo, Sang Yeoup Lee, Eun Jung Choi, Yun Jin Kim, Jeong Gyu Lee, Yu-Hyun Lee, Mi Jin Bae, Hyun Woo Chin
Korean J Fam Med 2012;33(2):105-109.   Published online March 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.2.105

This study was performed to assess changes in skin color over 1 month after smoking cessation. The study population consisted of 49 men who participated in a smoking cessation program from March 2010 to June 2010 at a public health centre in Yangsan, South Korea. Thirty-four men who stop smoking completely were included in our study. Instrumental evaluations of skin color were performed using Mexameter (MX 18; Courage and Khazaka Electronic GmbH) at the beginning of the study and at 1-week and 4-week follow-up visits. Skin color was evaluated by measurement of 2 main color bases-melanin and haemoglobin-with the results expressed as melanin index (MI) and erythema index (EI). Both MI and EI were significantly reduced at the 4-week follow-up visit on all 7 sites measured. We anticipate that desirable effects on skin color after smoking cessation will play a positive role in maintaining smoking abstinence in routine clinical practice.

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The Impact of Bladder Distension on Blood Pressure in Middle Aged Women
Eun Jung Choi, Dong Wook Jeong, Jeong Gyu Lee, Sangyeoup Lee, Yun Jin Kim, Yu Hyone Yi, Young Hye Cho, Sun Ju Im, Mi Jin Bae
Korean J Fam Med 2011;32(5):306-310.   Published online July 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2011.32.5.306
Background

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between the extent of bladder distention and the rise of blood pressure in middle aged women.

Methods

In a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study, we obtained data from 172 middle aged women at a health promotion center of Pusan National University Hospital. We measured duration of urine-holding as the degree of the extension of bladder distention. Blood pressure was measured twice while holding urine and immediately after urination. Urine holding with full bladder was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound.

Results

Difference in systolic blood pressure was 4.2 ± 10.7 (P < 0.001), and that in diastolic blood pressure was 2.8 ± 7.7 mm Hg (P < 0.001) between holding urine and immediately after urination. There was no significant correlation between the urine-holding duration and differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that systolic and diastolic blood pressure is increased by urine-holding at least 3 hours after the last urination in middle aged women. Thus in practice, blood pressure should be measured after the bladder is emptied.

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    Maria Cristina PEDRAZINI, Luciane Francischini Gottschall ODONE, Mônica Feresini GROPPO, Francisco Carlos GROPPO
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    Jian Liu, Yumin Li, Jianqing Li, Dingchang Zheng, Chengyu Liu
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The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, types, and trends of dietary supplement (DS) use. We analyzed the Dietary Supplement Questionnaire data of Korean aged 19 years old or older from the Nutrition Survey of the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Each reported DS was coded based on ingredients according to the 2010 Korean Food and Drug Administration Notification. The prevalence (standard error) of current DS use was 20.6% (0.7) for men, 32.2% (0.7) for women. Those with DS use for longer than two weeks during previous one year were 27.2% (0.7), and 40.2% (0.8), for men and women respectively. Vitamin mineral supplement (221.6/103 persons) was the most frequently consumed DS in Korean adults. The trend for DS use in Korean adults is changing as well as increasing.

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The Prevalence of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Elderly in General Population.
Juwon Lim, Soyeun Kim, Soshin Ke, Belong Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2011;32(2):128-134.   Published online February 20, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2011.32.2.128
Background
The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome is important for health policies and clinical practice. The aim of study is to estimate the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome among older than 65 years in general population and identify the differences by gender. Additionally, we examined the prevalence of the abnormality of metabolic components by sex.Methods: We analyzed data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) 2007. The subjects of this study include persons over 65 years. We used data about demographics, chronic diseases, medications and blood laboratory results. Results: The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome in elderly women was 46.9%, 56.3% and 46.7% (International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria) respectively. In elderly men, 23.1%, 26.6% and 21.7% (IDF criteria). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome by modified ATP III was 63.2% in elderly women and 41.7% in elderly men. The prevalence of these was significantly higher in women elderly other in men elderly (P < 0.001). The abnormality of HDL-C among the individual metabolic components was significantly higher in women elderly than in men elderly. The prevalence of HDL-C abnormality in women elderly reached 79.9%. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome was higher in Korea than US and Europe, and higher among women elderly than men elderly. Recent increase in prevalence of these might be a public health problem.

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The Association Chronic Liver Diseases with Health Related Behaviors in South Korea.
Juwon Lim, Soyeun Kim, Soshin Ke, Belong Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2010;31(4):302-307.   Published online April 20, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.4.302
Background
The chronic liver disease is a relatively common health problem in primary care in Korea. But there are few studies of the prevalence and management status of chronic liver disease in Korea. The aim of this study is to estimate the ratio of health relative behavior among the patients of chronic liver disease, and analyse the association of chronic liver disease with health related behaviors such as private insurance, liver cancer screening examination, smoking, drinking, and exercise.Methods: We analyzed data from the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNANES III) 2005. The subjects of this study included the persons over 40 years. We used data about demographics, chronic liver disease, and health behavior data. Results: The prevalence of chronic liver disease was 2.4%. The ratios of private insurance, liver cancer screening examination among the patients of chronic liver disease were 72.6%, 44.2% respectively. The ratios of no smoking, abstinence from drinking, and exercise were 70.0%, 52.6%, and 33.8% respectively. After adjusted with demographic data, the odds ratio of liver cancer screening among the patients of chronic liver disease was 8.4 (P < 0.001), that of abstinence from drinking was 1.2 (P = 0.434). Adjusted odds ratio of private insurance, no smoking and exercise were 1.3 (P = 0.425), 1.2 (P = 0.578), 0.6 (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The primary prevention is less satisfactory than secondary prevention among the patients with chronic liver disease in Korea. In primary care, it is necessary for them not only to check liver cancer screening examination but also encourage no smoking, abstinence from drinking, and exercise.

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The Educational Effect of Pre-medical Curriculum for a Service Learning Program.
Soo Yun Kim, Youn Seon Choi, Dae Gyun Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Su Hyun Kim, Duksun Ahn, Youngmee Lee
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(11):867-871.   Published online November 10, 2008
Background: A curriculum in medical school should help doctors achieve professional attitude, ethics and values by socialization process. However, existing knowledge- based curriculum has lots of shortcomings to reach these ideal goals. This study was operated to investigate the effect of a 'service-learning program' for premedical students in medical college of Korea University. Methods: The survey was conducted from July 3 2006 to 5 at Chungbuk Eumsung Kkottongnae. A total of 99 students completed surveys; before and after the intervention. The questionnaire was consisting of necessity and goal of the program and it also include assessment of students' attitude and contents of the program. Each item was assessed by using 5-Likert scale. For comparing the items, we practiced paired t-test. Results: 97 (response rate 97.9%) students completed survey. 53 students (54.6%) agreed 'the program is really needed.' About the questions: 'self-development from program', 'the program will be helpful for medical activity in the future.' students gave positive answers. The participants' attitude, interest was significantly increased. Also 'the motivation', 'appropriation of the program and time allocation', 'general satisfaction' were all increased. Conclusion: 54.6% of participants thought a service- learning program was necessary for a medical curriculum and this program would be helpful to get self-development and professionalism. Active attending for a service-learning program increased interest and motivation. It will be needed further study about the long-term effect of a service-learning program. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:867-871)
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Value of the Vital Sign in Hypoglycemia Presenting Mental Change on Prehospital Management.
Soo Hyun Cho, Chan Woong Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(7):542-546.   Published online July 10, 2007
Background
The clinical guideline for prehospital blood glucose measurement in hypoglycemia presenting with mental change has not been sure, maybe it has depended on individual decision. Therefore we was going to find out whether the difference of the vital sign between hypoglycemia and non hypoglycemia can give important message or not. Methods: Retrospective study was carried out from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005. The patients with mental change were divided into hypoglycemic group and non hypoglycemic group. Then we compared the difference of vital sign (Blood pressure, respiration rate, heart rate) based on paramedic run reports and medical records. Results: 66 person in hypoglycemic group were aged 60.92⁑16.90 on average. And 67 person in non hypoglycemia were 58.53⁑16.58. The difference of blood pressure, respiration rate is not significantly but only body temperature makes significant difference(P=0.014). Furthermore it was inclined that the lower body temperature was more likely in hypoglycemia(P<0.001). Compared with over 36.0oC, probability of hypoglycemia in less than or equal to 36.0oC of temperature was more (OR: 54.28, 95% CI: 18.956∼155.464). Conclusion: The body temperature gives more significant information in Prehospital blood glucose measurements for hypoglycemic patients with mental change is not absolutely, but recommended in less than 36.0oC. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:542-546)
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Relationship between Passive Smoke and Urinary Cotinine Level.
Min Jeoung Kim, Cheol Hwan Kim, Yang Hyeon Kim, Joo Ho Kang
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(5):379-382.   Published online May 10, 2007
Background
Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite detected in urine, has been recommended as the best quantitative marker of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between indoor ETS and urinary cotinine level of the passive smokers. Methods: We selected 42 nonsmokers who lived in Seoul and were not exposed to passive smoking at least 5 days before test. Urinary cotinine levels were measured by Smokescreen Colorimeter (Surescreen Diagnostics LTD, U.K.). We measured urinary cotinine levels twice (before and after smoking exposure). Results: The mean urinary cotinine level was 0.33μg/mL before smoking exposure, and 0.46μg/mL after smoking exposure. There was statistically significant difference (P-value=0.003). There was no significant difference between exposure time and increase of urinary cotinine level(P=0.138, r=⁣0.233). There was also no significant difference between measuring time taking after exposure and increase of urinary cotinine level (P=0.671, r=0.067). Conclusion: One experience of indoor exposure to ETS caused significant elevation of urinary cotinine level. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:379-382)
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